Not being the wrong size

Gomer, Richard H.

doi:10.1038/35048058

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The growth (the increase in mass or protein per hour) and the proliferation (the increase in the number of cells per hour) of cells can be regulated independently (Dolznig et al, 2004;Gomer, 2001;Jorgensen and Tyers, 2004;Saucedo and Edgar, 2002). To determine whether AprA regulates growth as well as proliferation, we measured the mass and protein content of populations of cells.…”

Section: On a Per Nucleus Basis Apra Does Not Affect Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of observations have suggested the existence of autocrine factors called chalones that negatively regulate the growth and/or proliferation of the secreting cells (Gamer et al, 2003;Gomer, 2001). For example, myostatin is a polypeptide belonging to the platelet-derived growth factor superfamily that is made by, and secreted from, myoblasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A secreted factor represses cell proliferation inDictyostelium

2005

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Many cells appear to secrete factors called chalones that limit their proliferation, but in most cases the factors have not been identified. We found that growing Dictyostelium cells secrete a 60 kDa protein called AprA for autocrine proliferation repressor. AprA has similarity to putative bacterial proteins of unknown function. Compared with wild-type cells, aprA-null cells proliferate faster, while AprA overexpressing cells proliferate slower. Growing wild-type cells secrete a factor that inhibits the proliferation of wild-type and aprA- cells;this activity is not secreted by aprA- cells. AprA purified by immunoprecipitation also slows the proliferation of wild-type and aprA- cells. Compared with wild type, there is a higher percentage of multinucleate cells in the aprA- population,and when starved, aprA- cells form abnormal structures that contain fewer spores. AprA may thus decrease the number of multinucleate cells and increase spore production. Together, the data suggest that AprA functions as part of a Dictyostelium chalone.

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Section: On a Per Nucleus Basis Apra Does Not Affect Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A secreted factor represses cell proliferation inDictyostelium

2005

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“…A fascinating but poorly understood area of biology is how cells create tissues of a specific size (1)(2)(3)(4). A simple model system for this phenomenon is the formation of fruiting bodies in the eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum, where developing cells form groups of ϳ20,000 cells (see Refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disruption of Aldehyde Reductase Increases Group Size in Dictyostelium

Ehrenman

Gong

Hong

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Developing Dictyostelium cells form structures containing ϳ20,000 cells. The size regulation mechanism involves a secreted counting factor (CF) repressing cytosolic glucose levels. Glucose or a glucose metabolite affects cell-cell adhesion and motility; these in turn affect whether a group stays together, loses cells, or even breaks up. NADPH-coupled aldehyde reductase reduces a wide variety of aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols, including converting glucose to sorbitol. The levels of this enzyme previously appeared to be regulated by CF. We find that disrupting alrA, the gene encoding aldehyde reductase, results in the loss of alrA mRNA and AlrA protein and a decrease in the ability of cell lysates to reduce both glyceraldehyde and glucose in an NADPH-coupled reaction. Counterintuitively, alrA ؊ cells are responsive to CF and are partially responsive to recombinant countin and CF50, suggesting that disrupting alrA inhibits but does not completely block the CF signal transduction pathway. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy indicates that the concentrations of several metabolites are altered in alrA ؊ cells, suggesting that the Dictyostelium aldehyde reductase affects several metabolic pathways in addition to converting glucose to sorbitol. Together, our data suggest that disrupting alrA affects CF secretion, causes many effects on cellular metabolism, and has a major effect on group size.

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“…All tissues, including the retina, are genetically programmed to acquire an optimal size, which is determined both by the total number of cells and the sizes of individual cells (Gomer 2001). A major open question is how retinal progenitors know when to switch from making one cell type to the next so that appropriate numbers of each of the seven cell types are generated.…”

Section: Introduction To the Cell Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%