Not all transcendence is created equal: Distinguishing ontological, phenomenological, and subjective beliefs about transcendence

Callaway, Kutter; Schnitker, Sarah A.; Gilbertson, Madison Kawakami

doi:10.1080/09515089.2020.1743254

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A critical first step is developing more nuanced definitions of transcendent motivation orientations that take into account the differences between the many objects, ideas, associations, or content responsible for transcendent motivation (Callaway, Kawakami Gilbertson, & Schnitker, 2019). For example, transcendent motivation can be inspired by religious faith or political ideology; theistic or non-theistic religion; religious or spiritual beliefs; prosocial concerns or religious responsibility.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcendent motivations and virtue development in adolescent marathon runners

Schnitker

Gilbertson

Houltberg

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality

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Objective To understand how health, prosocial, and spiritual motivations correspond to changes in the virtues of self‐control, patience, and interpersonal generosity among adolescents and emerging adults. Method Participants included adolescent and emerging adult athletes (N = 396; 12–22 years, M = 18.42, SD = 2.03) on marathon training teams fundraising for a faith‐based charity. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires four times over six months. Participants were 63% female and identified as 61% Caucasian, 17% Latino/a, 10% African American, 6% Asian American, and 6% other. Results Bivariate latent growth curve models showed positive relations between baseline levels of transcendent motivations (spiritual, prosocial) and all three virtues (self‐control, patience, interpersonal generosity) as well as baseline health motivation and self‐control. Linear slopes in all three motivations were positively correlated with change in patience, and greater decreases in these motivations from wave 1 to wave 2 before recovering motivation in subsequent waves correlated with less change in patience. Only the linear slope in prosocial motivation positively correlated with change in generosity. None of the motivation slopes correlated with change in self‐control. Conclusions More than just sport participation is required to cultivate virtue in adolescents; instead, transcendent and non‐transcendent motivations are concurrently developing for athletes who increase in prosocial virtues.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcendent motivations and virtue development in adolescent marathon runners

Schnitker

Gilbertson

Houltberg

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given this, we examine these associations only among students who self-identify as spiritual and/or belonging to a religious group. Although some students who identify as Agnostic, Atheist, or not Spiritual or Religious may have spiritual struggles ( Exline et al, 2014 ) or other experiences of transcendence ( Callaway et al, 2020 ), it is likely that their spiritual experiences are qualitatively distinct from those who identify as spiritual and/or religious and are therefore beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closeness to God, Spiritual Struggles, and Wellbeing in the First Year of College

et al. 2022

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Spirituality is an important, but oft-overlooked, aspect of the self that may affect college students’ wellbeing and belonging. Few studies have systematically examined closeness to God and spiritual struggles as predictors of college student wellbeing during early college, which is a critical window for identity development. Moreover, research exploring interactions between spiritual struggles and closeness to God in predicting wellbeing outcomes is scarce. We address these gaps in the literature with an analytic sample comprised of 839 first-year college participants who identify as religious. The results of correlational analyses and linear mixed effect models are presented. Closeness to God was associated with greater wellbeing and belonging, and spiritual struggles were associated with lower wellbeing and belonging. In exploratory analyses, a moderating effect of closeness to God on the relation between spiritual struggles and negative outcomes was observed. Implications for higher education and college student development are discussed.

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“…Rather than “transcendence,” some researchers (e.g., Davis et al, 2012) refer to this phenomenon as “transomatization” to make clear that the boundary being crossed has to do with the physical body rather than some metaphysical plane. For similar reasons, others prefer the language of “self-transcendence” (Raney et al, 2018) or “subjective transcendence” (Callaway et al, 2020). Regardless, the common thread uniting them all is a shared recognition that, by integrating different worlds of perceptual experience (e.g., inner/outer), intense or peak encounters with art often involve the erasure or collapsing of the boundaries between self/mind/body/world/other.…”

Section: Organizing the Research On The Psychological Effects Of Aest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the present account seeks to address this gap in the literature by identifying a series of religious thoughts, beliefs, and intuitions that researchers have operationalized in psychological terms. These late-stage processes include: God Representations, which can be both personified and abstract (Johnson et al, 2019); Transcendent belief systems, which are defined as “the embodied cognitive activities that lead humans to code personal experience as well as the spatial layout of the cosmos” (Callaway et al, 2020, p. 480); and Non-Theistic Supernatural Beliefs (Epley et al, 2008), such as beliefs in ghosts, ancestral spirits, or other extra-human agents.…”

Section: Organizing the Research On The Psychological Effects Of Aest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the (Im)Measurable: On the Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Effects of Aesthetic Experiences of Art

Callaway

Rowatt²,

Al‐Kire³

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychology and Theology

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This article synthesizes and evaluates the current state of research within the overlapping domains of the psychology of art and the psychology of religion. In doing so, it identifies the most promising avenues that psychological scientists might pursue to operationalize, quantify, and analyze the psycho-social-spiritual effects of art. Framed by the broader discourses of theological and philosophical aesthetics, the discussion is organized according to a series of features that are basic to human processing and, thus, likely to be familiar to psychological researchers in numerous sub-disciplines. We consider these components, in turn, noting in particular the key dimensions of each component that are associated with theological, spiritual, and/or religious forms of cognition and the current state of the empirical literature that underwrites these dimensions. We conclude by proposing a program for experimental research focused on spiritual and religious forms of cognition that are prompted by aesthetic experiences of art.

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Not all transcendence is created equal: Distinguishing ontological, phenomenological, and subjective beliefs about transcendence

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Transcendent motivations and virtue development in adolescent marathon runners

Transcendent motivations and virtue development in adolescent marathon runners

Closeness to God, Spiritual Struggles, and Wellbeing in the First Year of College

Measuring the (Im)Measurable: On the Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Effects of Aesthetic Experiences of Art

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