Not all good things come in big packages

Guire, Vincent De; Fabbri, Muller; Tsongalis, Gregory J.

doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0176

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Currently, size-exclusion chromatography is considered the most reliable method for the most highly enriched isolation of exosomes, but current protocols will be difficult to implement in clinical setting [ 7 ]. The field as a whole may need to come to a compromise between a technology that allows for a consistent enrichment of exosomes with an acceptable amount of other “contaminating” extracellular vesicles and a technology that can be implemented in a clinical laboratory [ 59 ].…”

Section: Detection Of Circulating Exo-mirnas and Their Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Sempere

Keto

Fabbri

2017

Cancers

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Soon after the discovery of microRNAs over 15 years ago, a myriad of research groups around the world sought to develop clinical applications in breast cancer for these short, noncoding, regulatory RNAs. While little of this knowledge has translated into the clinic, the recent research explosion on cell-to-cell communication via exosomes and other extracellular vesicles has rekindled interest in microRNA-based clinical applications. microRNAs appear to be a preferential and important cargo of exosomes in mediating biological effects in recipient cells. This review highlights recent studies on the biology of exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) and discusses potential clinical applications. From a diagnostic perspective, circulating exo-miRNAs may represent breast cancer cell content and/or tumor microenvironmental reactions to cancer cell growth. Thus, serum or plasma analysis of exo-miRNAs could be useful for early disease detection or for monitoring treatment response and disease progression. From a therapeutic perspective, exo-miRNAs derived from different cell types have been implicated in supporting or restraining tumor growth, conferring drug resistance, and preparing the metastatic niche. Strategies to interfere with the loading or delivery of tumor-promoting exo-miRNAs or to replenish tumor-suppressive miRNAs via exosomal delivery are under investigation. These recent studies provide new hope and opportunities, but study design limitations and technical challenges will need to be overcome before seriously considering clinical application of exo-miRNAs.

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Section: Detection Of Circulating Exo-mirnas and Their Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Sempere

Keto

Fabbri

2017

Cancers

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“…However, the presence of several variables, such as the detection in plasma or serum, centrifugation parameters, anticoagulants used for blood collection, methods for RNA extraction and amplification, as well as different methods of patients'stratification, determine a variability in the detection of miR expression levels. Indeed, a robust validation of methodology to detect them needs to be standardized before introducing it as a routine laboratory test [73] to guide clinical decision making., Moreover, standardized systems of big data analysis and management should be set up for data interpretation [178], the development of neural network based software could help the interpretation of the miRNA signature of specific patients [179].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers

Terrinoni

Calabrese

Basso

et al. 2018

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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A large portion of the human genome transcribes RNA sequences that do not code for any proteins. The first of these sequences was identified in 1993, and the best known noncoding RNAs are microRNA (miRNAs). It is now fully established that miRNAs regulate approximately 30% of the known genes that codify proteins. miR-NAs are involved in several biological processes, like cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastatization. These RNA products regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, modulating or inhibiting protein expression by interacting with specific sequences of mRNAs. Mature miRNAs can be detected in blood plasma, serum and also in a wide variety of biological fluids. They can be found associated with proteins, lipids as well as enclosed in exosome vesicles. We know that circulating miRNAs (C-miRNAs) can regulate several key cellular processes in tissues different from the production site. C-miRNAs behave as endogenous mediators of RNA translation, and an extraordinary knowledge on their function has been obtained in the last years. They can be secreted in different tissue cells and associated with specific pathological conditions. Significant evidence indicates that the initiation and progression of several pathologies are "highlighted" by the presence of specific C-miRNAs, underlining their potential diagnostic relevance as clinical biomarkers. Here we review the current literature on the possible use of this new class of molecules as clinical biomarkers of diseases.

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Not all good things come in big packages

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Exosomal MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Exosomal MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

The circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers

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