Nosocomial Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Neonatal Intensive Care and Intermediate Care Units

Berger, Angelika; Obwegeser, E; Aberle, Stephan W.; Langgartner, Michaela; Popow-Kraupp, Theresa

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181d76d61

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The detection rate was lower than published reports which range between 20–30% [Meissner et al, ; Halasa et al, ; Dizdar et al, ], although this may result from studies reporting detection rate of RSV in the NICU during a nosocomial outbreak period on the unit. A prospective study from an Austrian NICU in the absence of an outbreak had detection rate of 4% [Berger et al, ] in nasal specimens was consistent with our findings. This suggests that outside of nosocomial outbreaks RSV circulation remains low within the NICU even during winter epidemics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit

Homaira¹,

Sheils

Stelzer-Braid

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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Nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurs in children within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). During peak community RSV transmission, three swabs were collected from the nose, hand and personal clothing of visitors and health care workers (HCW) in NICU once every week for eight weeks. Nasal swabs were collected from every third neonate and from any neonate clinically suspected of having a respiratory infection. Environmental sampling of high touch areas was done once during the study period. All swabs were tested for RSV using real time RT-PCR. There were 173 (519 total) and 109 (327 total) swabs, each of nose, hand and dress from 84 HCWs and 80 visitors respectively and 81 nasal swabs from 55 neonates collected. Thirty five environmental swabs from surfaces of the beds, side tables, counter tops, chairs, tables and computers were collected. Overall 1% of nasal swabs from each of HCWs, visitors and neonates, 4% of dress specimens from visitors and 9% of environmental swabs were positive for RSV-RNA. The results suggest that though the risk for RSV in the NICU remains low, personnel clothing are contaminated with RSV-RNA and may have a role in transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit

Homaira¹,

Sheils

Stelzer-Braid

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…208,209 No evidence suggests palivizumab is a cost-effective measure to prevent recurrent wheezing in children. Prophylaxis should not be administered to reduce recurrent wheezing in later years.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis

Ralston¹,

Lieberthal²,

Meissner³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

1,395

1,654

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This guideline is a revision of the clinical practice guideline, “Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis,” published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2006. The guideline applies to children from 1 through 23 months of age. Other exclusions are noted. Each key action statement indicates level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and level of recommendation. Key action statements are as follows:

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“…13 Transmission of genetically identical virus as well as the presence of multiple distinct co-circulating strains have been described in nosocomial settings. 14,15 No studies have been performed to characterize RSV disease burden in a community childcare setting using current molecular diagnostics despite its importance as a potential setting for public health interventions, such as vaccines and infection control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in childcare

Chu

Kuypers

Renaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of serious respiratory infections in young children. No prior studies using molecular techniques to examine RSV transmission in the community childcare setting have been performed. Objectives We seek to characterize the molecular epidemiology of RSV transmission in childcare to evaluate the impact of RSV disease in a community-based population. Methods We sequenced RSV-positive nasopharyngeal samples from a prospective longitudinal study of respiratory illnesses among children enrolled in childcare during three winter seasons. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify unique viral strains. Results RSV was detected in 59 (11%) illnesses. Compared to RSV-negative illnesses, RSV-positive illnesses were associated with longer symptom duration and increased frequency of health care visits. Another respiratory virus was detected in 42 (71%) RSV-positive illnesses. RSV viral load did not differ between RSV-positive illnesses with and without another respiratory virus identified (P = 0.38). In two childcare rooms, 50% of the children had RSV detected within six days of the first case. Five (38%) of 13 illness episodes from one childcare room were sequenced and shown to be the same viral strain, suggesting rapid child-to-child transmission within the room over a 16 day period. Conclusions RSV is rapidly transmitted within childcare. Childcare facilities may serve as ideal sites for evaluation of new prevention strategies given the high burden of RSV disease in this population and the rapidity of RSV spread between children.

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Nosocomial Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Neonatal Intensive Care and Intermediate Care Units

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit

Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit

Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis

Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in childcare

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