Nosocomial Spread of Viral Disease

Aitken, Celia; Jeffries, D. J.

doi:10.1128/cmr.14.3.528-546.2001

Cited by 162 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Recent reports support that hMPV is a significant respiratory pathogen capable of causing severe disease in children, 29 yet the clinical pattern of disease is not fully understood. In view of our findings that RSV, PIV, and hMPV were strongly associated with ARI and reports of nosocomial transmission of these viruses, 30,31 further studies of control interventions such as cohort nursing are warranted for these infections. 32 HBoV is reportedly commonly detected in coinfection with other viruses, and its pathogenicity in humans has been debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Utility of PCR for Common Viruses in Acute Respiratory Illness

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction allows sensitive detection of respiratory viruses. The clinical significance of detection of specific viruses is not fully understood, however, and several viruses have been detected in the respiratory tract of asymptomatic children. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Our results indicate that quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is limited at distinguishing acute infection from detection in asymptomatic children for rhinovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and coronavirus. abstract BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory illness (ARI) accounts for a large proportion of all visits to pediatric health facilities. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses allow sensitive detection of viral nucleic acids, but it is not clear to what extent specific viruses contribute to disease because many viruses have been detected in asymptomatic children. Better understanding of how to interpret viral findings is important to reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics. OBJECTIVE:To compare viral qPCR findings from children with ARI versus asymptomatic control subjects.METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children aged #5 years with ARI and from individually matched, asymptomatic, population-based control subjects during a noninfluenza season. Samples were analyzed by using qPCR for 16 viruses. RESULTS:Respiratory viruses were detected in 72.3% of the case patients (n 5 151) and 35.4% of the control subjects (n 5 74) (P 5 .001). Rhinovirus was the most common finding in both case patients and control subjects (47.9% and 21.5%, respectively), with a population-attributable proportion of 0.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.62). Metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus were highly overrepresented in case patients. Bocavirus was associated with ARI even after adjustment for coinfections with other viruses and was associated with severe disease. Enterovirus and coronavirus were equally common in case patients and control subjects.CONCLUSIONS: qPCR detection of respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, or parainfluenza viruses in children with ARI is likely to be causative of disease; detection of several other respiratory viruses must be interpreted with caution due to high detection rates in asymptomatic children. Although acute respiratory illness (ARI) in childrenaccountsfora large part ofall visits to pediatric health facilities and is a great economic burden on society, 1,2 our tools to diagnose the etiologic agents have until recently been limited. 3 Treatment with antibiotics induces development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria 4 and has a negligible effect on most ARIs, which generally are of viral origin. 5,6 Nevertheless, antibiotics are frequently prescribed due to lack of clinically valid diagnostic tests verifying a viral etiology. 7 Sensitive methods, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses on nasopharyngeal samples, for a number of viru...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Utility of PCR for Common Viruses in Acute Respiratory Illness

et al. 2014

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“…Robust infection control precautions need to be in place when dealing with patients with rotavirus infection, 17 and this is especially true in the BMT setting where prolonged excretion of virus may occur. Some rotavirus infections may be acquired nosocomially.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus as a significant cause of prolonged diarrhoeal illness and morbidity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Liakopoulou

Mutton²,

Carrington³

et al. 2005

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:Infective diarrhoea is common among allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients, frequently caused by viruses and may be difficult to differentiate from acute graftversus-host disease (GVHD). Viral pathogens may directly or indirectly impact upon transplant-related mortality. Rotavirus is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide, but one of the least studied causes of diarrhoea post SCT. In this retrospective study we describe 21 cases of confirmed rotavirus infection in allogeneic SCT recipients. Most of these cases may occur in clusters during the winter and spring period. Symptoms of rotaviral infection were diarrhoea (95%), vomiting (62%), abdominal pain (38%), weight loss and loss of appetite in 38 and 29% of the cases, respectively. Possible extraintestinal manifestations of rotavirus infection were observed. The duration of the symptoms in this series ranged from 4 days to 4 months with median of 15 days. Patients with rotavirus infection were invariably lymphopenic and/or on immunosuppression for GVHD. Of the patients diagnosed with rotavirus, 86% required hospitalisation. In 57% of the cases, other viral pathogens were isolated near to the rotavirus infection period. Rotavirus infection is an important cause of prolonged diarrhoea post SCT, causing significant morbidity and frequently requiring hospitalisation. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2005) 36, 691-694.

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“…Surgical procedures and dental treatment procedures in the health care setting are the important transmission mode of hepatitis B and C viruses [4]. Contaminated surgical equipment, surgical disposables, needles, self-pricks during procedures and blood transfusion can be the causes of transmission of viruses from patient to patient and even to the doctors, paramedical staff and nurses [5].…”

Section: Prevalence Knowledge and Practices Of Hepatitis B And C Virmentioning

confidence: 99%