Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in incarcerated patients with severe COVID-19 infection

Randall, Melanie M; Minahan, Thomas; Mesisca, Michael; Gnass, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.09.005

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Of these 28 included studies, 22 were case reports (describing single patients with individual data), two were case series (describing 7–42 patients with aggregate data), and four were cohort studies (describing 4–40 patients with aggregate data). Countries of study publication included the United States (n = 7) [ 7 , 9 , 21 – 25 ], Italy (n = 7) [ 26 – 32 ], Japan (n = 2) [ 33 , 34 ], Iran (n = 2) [ 35 , 36 ], the United Kingdom (n = 2) [ 37 , 38 ], Spain (n = 2) [ 39 , 40 ], Bahrain (n = 1) [ 41 ], China (n = 1) [ 42 ], France (n = 1) [ 43 ], the Philippines (n = 1) [ 44 ], Korea (n = 1) [ 45 ], and Canada (n = 1) [ 46 ], with publication dates ranging from April 15, 2020 to June 16, 2021. Table 1 describes the characteristics of these included studies and available information on their respective patient demographics in detail.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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Background Endemic to the hospital environment, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading bacterial pathogen that causes deadly infections such as bacteremia and endocarditis. In past viral pandemics, it has been the principal cause of secondary bacterial infections, significantly increasing patient mortality rates. Our world now combats the rapid spread of COVID-19, leading to a pandemic with a death toll greatly surpassing those of many past pandemics. However, the impact of co-infection with S. aureus remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a high-quality scoping review of the literature to synthesize the existing evidence on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and S. aureus co-infection. Methods A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, medRxiv, and the WHO COVID-19 database using a combination of terms. Articles that were in English, included patients infected with both COVID-19 and S. aureus, and provided a description of clinical outcomes for patients were eligible. From these articles, the following data were extracted: type of staphylococcal species, onset of co-infection, patient sex, age, symptoms, hospital interventions, and clinical outcomes. Quality assessments of final studies were also conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools. Results Searches generated a total of 1922 publications, and 28 articles were eligible for the final analysis. Of the 115 co-infected patients, there were a total of 71 deaths (61.7%) and 41 discharges (35.7%), with 62 patients (53.9%) requiring ICU admission. Patients were infected with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus, with the majority (76.5%) acquiring co-infection with S. aureus following hospital admission for COVID-19. Aside from antibiotics, the most commonly reported hospital interventions were intubation with mechanical ventilation (74.8 %), central venous catheter (19.1 %), and corticosteroids (13.0 %). Conclusions Given the mortality rates reported thus far for patients co-infected with S. aureus and COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination and outpatient treatment may be key initiatives for reducing hospital admission and S. aureus co-infection risk. Physician vigilance is recommended during COVID-19 interventions that may increase the risk of bacterial co-infection with pathogens, such as S. aureus, as the medical community’s understanding of these infection processes continues to evolve.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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“…Randall and Minahan, [84] reported 3 cases of COVID-19 patients with Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection in country hospital of Riverside University Health system. A 60 year old male patient was hospitalized for fever cough and dyspnea in April 2020 and was tested negative for MRSA.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance (Amr) Status Of Bacteria Found In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Co-infections in Covid Patients: A Mini Review

Bhosale¹,

Sakkan²,

Padmanabhan³

2021

EJBIO

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In this review, we highlight the complications of COVID-19 affected patients due to microbial infections, which increase the severity of the disease. Nearly 50% of COVID-19 affected patients among non-survivors were either co-infected with bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens. During ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it has been a challenge for developing and under developing countries to identify co-infections in patients due to limited healthcare facilities and high cost for the diagnostic tests. Since several microbial co-infections are associated with COVID-19, there is need to diagnose such co-infections in early stage so that required control measures would be taken to avoid the further health risks. People with severe COVID-19, COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU), are susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections. Bacterial pathogens, representing less than 14% of patients with reported infections include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while fungal sps include Aspergillus, Candida auris, black fungus etc that invade the brain or cause patients to lose vision. The unregulated and inappropriate use of antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs and alcohol based hand sanitizers may enhance the evolution of AMR phenotypes among infectious pathogens.

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