Nosocomial Infections Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Phillips, Michael; Reyn, C. Fordham von

doi:10.1086/323126

Cited by 228 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Although its pathogenic potential is very low, it is often acquired in hospitals and can infect immunocompromised patients. One patient was HIV-positive and died as soon as he began treatment for tuberculosis, which indicates the increasing clinical importance of identifying mycobacterial species 43,44 . Several studies have demonstrate the importance of M. fortuitum infections in immunocompromised patients and found that the most prevalent species in these cases include the Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium fortuitum 10,11,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection and differentiation of mycobacterial species using a multiplex PCR system

Lima

Duarte

Montenegro

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The early diagnosis of mycobacterial infections is a critical step for initiating treatment and curing the patient. Molecular analytical methods have led to considerable improvements in the speed and accuracy of mycobacteria detection. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction system using mycobacterial strains as an auxiliary tool in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) Results: Forty mycobacterial strains isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary origin specimens from 37 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis were processed. Using phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the 40 mycobacteria isolated in LJ medium, 57.5% (n=23) were characterized as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and 20% (n=8) as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), with 22.5% (n=9) of the results being inconclusive. When the results of the phenotypic and biochemical tests in 30 strains of mycobacteria were compared with the results of the multiplex PCR, there was 100% concordance in the identifi cation of the MTBC and NTM species, respectively. A total of 32.5% (n=13) of the samples in multiplex PCR exhibited a molecular pattern consistent with NTM, thus disagreeing with the fi nal diagnosis from the attending physician. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR can be used as a differential method for determining TB infections caused by NTM a valuable tool in reducing the time necessary to make clinical diagnoses and begin treatment. It is also useful for identifying species that were previously not identifi able using conventional biochemical and phenotypic techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection and differentiation of mycobacterial species using a multiplex PCR system

Lima

Duarte

Montenegro

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…For example, outbreaks of P. aeruginosa have been linked to inadequate processing of rigid 333,334 and flexible laryngoscopes, 333 flexible bronchoscopes, [335][336][337] and defective reprocessors for bronchoscopes and endoscopes. 338 Similarly, outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of NTM have been linked to bronchoscopes, 339 and a hospital hydrotherapy pool contaminated with M. chelonei that led to infections in children with CF. 340 Air.…”

Section: Iiid2 Healthcare Sources: Water Surfaces Equipment Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

Saiman

Siegel

LiPuma

et al. 2014

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

346

382

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The 2013 Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was commissioned by the CF Foundation as an update of the 2003 Infection Control Guideline for CF. During the past decade, new knowledge and new challenges provided the following rationale to develop updated IP&C strategies for this unique population:1. The need to integrate relevant recommendations from evidence-based guidelines published since 2003 into IP&C practices for CF. These included guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and key professional societies, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). During the past decade, new evidence has led to a renewed emphasis on source containment of potential pathogens and the role played by the contaminated healthcare environment in the transmission of infectious agents. Furthermore, an increased understanding of the importance of the application of implementation science, monitoring adherence, and feedback principles has been shown to increase the effectiveness of IP&C guideline recommendations.2. Experience with emerging pathogens in the non-CF population has expanded our understanding of droplet transmission of respiratory pathogens and can inform IP&C strategies for CF. These pathogens include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the 2009 influenza A H1N1. Lessons learned about preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens in non-CF patient populations also can inform IP&C strategies for CF.

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“…Environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria species that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex, are ordinary inhabitants of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs and their role in human and animal diseases has been fully recognised [49,138]. There have been a number of excellent reviews by Falkinham [49], and others on epidemiology, health impacts, clinical presentations and treatment of these environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria [130,135,170]. Among the nontuberculosis mycobacteria species classified by Runyon [149] into four major groups (photochromogens, scotochromogens, nonphotochromogens and rapid growers) the best studied are those of the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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Nosocomial Infections Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Cited by 228 publications

References 154 publications

Rapid detection and differentiation of mycobacterial species using a multiplex PCR system

Rapid detection and differentiation of mycobacterial species using a multiplex PCR system

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

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