Nosocomial Infection Update

Weinstein, Robert A.

doi:10.3201/eid0403.980320

Cited by 348 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4]. To solve the problem, preparation of new antimicrobial agents, studying their properties and application to prepare antimicrobial surfaces is an interesting domain in current research [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azetidinium Functionalized Polytetrahydrofurans: Antimicrobial Properties in Solution and Application to Prepare Non Leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces

et al. 2014

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Abstract:In this work, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of azetidinium functionalized polytetrahydrofurans in solution and their application in the preparation of non leaching, antimicrobial surfaces. The excellent antimicrobial efficacy of these water soluble polymers both in solution and on surfaces (>99.99%-100% bacterial growth inhibition) makes them excellent candidates for solving the hygiene related problems in the medical and hospital environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azetidinium Functionalized Polytetrahydrofurans: Antimicrobial Properties in Solution and Application to Prepare Non Leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces

et al. 2014

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“…Hospital infections affect approximately two million patients annually and lead to 90,000 deaths and a cost of $4.5 to $5.7 billion according to reports from the United States (Weinstein, 1998;Jarvis, 2001). They involve 5-10% of ICU patients (CDC, 1992;Stone, Larson, Kawar, 2002).…”

Section: Patients a D M I T T E D T O Intensive Care Units (Icus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among bacteria isolated from intensive care units of the largest teaching hospital at the northwest of Iran

Hamishehkar

Shadmehr

Mahmoodpoor

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among common pathogens in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a university hospital in northwestern Iran. A retrospective study was done on laboratory records of patients with nosocomial infection who were admitted to five ICUs of Imam Reza Hospital during a 21-month period from March 2010 to January, 2012. A total number of 556 isolates from 328 patients were evaluated. The most common sites of infections included respiratory (51.7%), urinary (24.8%), and blood (10.4%). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Enterobacter aerogenes (50.6%) followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen among gram-positives (39.7%). The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 87.5%. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria were documented in 25.8% of Acinetobacter, 20% of Klebsiella, and 16.6% of Pseudomonas. The most active antimicrobials were vancomycin (93.5%) followed by amikacin (71.5%) and gentamicin (46%). The overall antibiotic susceptibility was as follows: 36% ciprofloxacin, 19% imipenem, 20% trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 20.5% ceftazidime, and 12% ceftriaxone. Due to the high rate of antimicrobial resistance in the ICU setting, more surveillance and control of the use of antimicrobials is needed to combat infections. Uniterms:Intensive care units/anti-infective agents/cross infection. Hospital University/Iran. INTRODUCTION Patients a d m i t t e d t o intensive care units (ICUs)are more vulnerable to various nosocomial infections because of their underlying illnesses and exposure to various invasive medical devices (Jatin, Mary, 2012;Archibald et al., 1997;Fridkin, 2001;Kollef, Fraser, 2001;Rhomberg et al., 2006).Hospital infections affect approximately two million patients annually and lead to 90,000 deaths and a cost of $4.5 to $5.7 billion according to reports from the United States (Weinstein, 1998;Jarvis, 2001). They involve 5-10% of ICU patients (CDC, 1992;Stone, Larson, Kawar, 2002).Antibiotics are the mainstay tools in the management of infections. Disappointingly, a number of studies have reported inappropriate uses of antimicrobials as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance in most parts of the world (Tunger et al., 2009; Bergman et al., 2006). Today, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gramnegative and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogens has become a major public health concern. Moreover, they negatively influence patients' outcomes and increase the length of hospital stays and healthcare costs (Giske et al., 2008;De Kraker et al., 2011;Resch, Wilke, Fink, 2009;Mulvey, Simor, 2009).Many studies have also showed that controlled use of antibiotics leads to improved microorganism sensitivity H. Hamishehkar, P. Shadmehr, A. Mahmoodpoor, S. O. Mashayekhi, T. Entezari-Maleki 404 to antimicrobial agents (Lee et al., 2010;Takesue et al., 2010). The emergence of resistant pathogens ...

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“…These infections are often caused by breaches of infection control practices and procedures, unclean and non-sterile environmental surfaces, and/or ill employees [19]. In the United States, it has been estimated that as many as one hospital patient in ten acquires a nosocomial infection, or 2 million patients a year [44]. Nosocomial infections contributed to 88,000 deaths in the U.S. in 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nosocomial Transmission of Rotavirus in Pediatric Wards

et al. 2010

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Nosocomial transmission of viral and bacterial infections is a major problem worldwide, affecting millions of patients (and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths) per year. Rotavirus infections affect most children worldwide at least once before age five. We present here deterministic and stochastic models for the transmission of rotavirus in a pediatric hospital ward and draw on published data to compare the efficacy of several possible control measures in reducing the number of infections during a 90-day outbreak, including cohorting, changes in healthcare worker-patient ratio, improving compliance with preventive hygiene measures, and vaccination. Although recently approved vaccines have potential to curtail most nosocomial rotavirus transmission in the future, even short-term improvement in preventive hygiene compliance following contact with symptomatic patients may significantly limit transmission as well, and remains an important control measure, especially where resources are limited.

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Nosocomial Infection Update

Cited by 348 publications

References 11 publications

Azetidinium Functionalized Polytetrahydrofurans: Antimicrobial Properties in Solution and Application to Prepare Non Leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces

Azetidinium Functionalized Polytetrahydrofurans: Antimicrobial Properties in Solution and Application to Prepare Non Leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among bacteria isolated from intensive care units of the largest teaching hospital at the northwest of Iran

Modeling Nosocomial Transmission of Rotavirus in Pediatric Wards

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