Northward migration of the Javanese volcanic arc along thrust faults

Lupi, Matteo; Gori, Pasquale De; Valoroso, Luisa; Baccheschi, Paola; Minetto, Riccardo; Mazzini, Adriano

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117258

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Particularly in West Java, the Quaternary volcanic arc is separated by an intramontane basin south of the Lembang strike‐slip fault. The WJBT tectonic model is consistent with the eastern counterpart of the JBT (Lupi et al., 2022), where the magmatic activity spreads upwards through the thrust fault that accompanies the northward propagation of the younger volcanoes. We also compare the WJBT further east with the Flores Back‐arc Thrust, where the 2018 Lombok earthquakes attest to the effect of the Rinjani Volcano magmatic system on the dynamics, location, and geometry of the earthquake faults (Lythgoe et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, it might be that the model configuration is slightly different toward the east where the 5.5 M w 1990 earthquake occurred ( Figure 1b ). Furthermore, the model East Java model provides a better explanation of the interplay between magmatic and thrust structures ( Lupi et al, 2022 ) and volcanic loading ( Smyth et al, 2005 ). In this study, we also model the northward propagation of the West Java Back-Arc Thrust ( WJBT ) around the epicenter of the 1990 earthquake in southwestern Cirebon.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Aribowo

Husson

Natawidjaja³

et al. 2022

Tectonics

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The Java Back‐arc Thrust scars the entire back‐arc area of Java Island, but the faults' nature, timing, and activity remain partly elusive. Characterizing the structure and activity of the seismogenic Java Back‐arc Thrust (historical earthquakes up to 7 Mw) is a cornerstone to evaluate associated geohazards. We focus on the western part of Java Back‐arc Thrust that reaches the megalopolis of Jakarta. We combine morphotectonic data, seismic reflection, electric resistivity profiles, kinematic, structural field measurements, paleoseismological trenching, and sediment dating (optically stimulated luminescence and 14C). Our results suggest that the interplay between the faults, volcanoes, and sedimentary basin modulates the propagation of the fault system across and along‐strike. The West Java Back‐arc Thrust has been active from Pliocene to Recent, but with a laterally variable tempo and tectonic regime. While tectonic activity was sustained for longer times in the eastern part, the West Java Back‐arc Thrust broke through the Jakarta Basin in the west, possibly only since the Late Pleistocene, and partitions into a network of immature transpressive structures. We conclude that the West Java Back‐arc Thrust has a high seismic hazard that requires a careful risk evaluation along its trace, as it threatens the numerous infrastructures of the densely populated West Java.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Aribowo

Husson

Natawidjaja³

et al. 2022

Tectonics

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“…The compressive stresses that generate thrust faults are not conducive for melt flow and may inhibit the upward motion of large volumes of magma. However, faults themselves can serve as relatively high permeability conduits that facilitate melt ascent, as the study of terrestrial volcanic arcs has shown (Araujo et al., 2019; Ferré et al., 2012; Lupi et al., 2022; Musumeci et al., 2005). Moreover, the increased strain rate caused by deformation before and after a seism may allow small amounts of melt to rise along grain boundaries past the nominal permeability barrier depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Melt Ascent in the Lithosphere of Io With Applications to Heat Pipe Formation

Schools

Montési

2022

JGR Planets

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Melt from the presumed magma ocean in Io's interior reaches the surface at well‐documented paterae and hotspots. To do so, melt needs to cross the thermal lithosphere of Io, even though, as it loses heat, it may stall inside the lithosphere. Permeability barriers form when melt crystallization is rapid and further prevents melt ascent unless a different melt transport mechanism develops. The heat pipe model of Io provides such a mechanism, allowing the melt to travel from the molten asthenosphere to the surface at discrete points. However, unless these heat pipes are billions of years old and constant in both location and flux, melt must ascend through the cold lithosphere at other locations and form new melt conduits. We model here the crystallization sequence of melts as they rise through the lithosphere of Io and determine under what conditions a permeability barrier may form. The barrier is generally deep, but can be elevated 100s of meters to several kilometers in areas of high strain rate or low resurfacing rate. We propose a feedback mechanism where regions closer to a heat pipe experience a higher resurfacing rate, driving the permeability barrier deeper, while regions away from a heat pipe experience a lower resurfacing rate allowing the permeability barrier to rise. A new heat pipe may develop in these regions where the melt is focused by variations of permeability barrier elevation while the old heat pipe closes, potentially leading to changes of heat pipe location over a time scale of 100,000 years.

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“…Ijen-Baluran in the easternmost Java, shows a low-velocity anomaly with a high Vp/Vs ratio from ∼50 km depth beneath the volcano, and the wedge also appears to be associated with a low Vp/Vs ratio. The interaction between the volcanic and sedimentary domains is concentrated at the surface in East Java, producing sediment-hosted geothermal system and clasticdominated geyser-like eruption (nicknamed Lusi-Lumpur Sidoarjo) (Fallahi et al, 2017;Lupi et al, 2022). The plumbing system that feeds Lusi has been proposed by several tomographic studies in the region (e.g., Fallahi et al, 2017;Karyono et al, 2020;Lupi et al, 2022), suggesting that the magmatic system of Lusi connects to the surrounding volcanoes (Mt.…”

Section: Vp Vs and Vp/vs Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another prominent feature in East Java is a sediment-hosted geothermal system, nicknamed Lusi (Lumpur Sidoarjo), which initially erupted in May 2006. The magma plumbing system feeding the Lusi eruption has been studied, using local earthquake tomography and ANT that resolve the structure to 25 km depth (e.g., Fallahi et al, 2017;Karyono et al, 2020;Lupi et al, 2022). They suggest that magma and fluids are coming from the volcanic complex around the region and migrating through the fault system to the sedimentary basin, promoting Lusi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Imaging of Lithospheric Structure Beneath Central-East Java Region, Indonesia: Relation to Recent Earthquakes

et al. 2022

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The Central and East Java region, which is part of the Sunda Arc, has an important role in producing destructive earthquakes and volcanic complexes in Indonesia as a result of the convergence between the Indo-Australian plate that subducts under the Eurasian plate. In this study, the 3-D seismic velocity structure (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs) of the crust and upper mantle was determined to reveal the presence of the subducted slab, volcanic sources, and seismogenic features in the Central and East Java region. We have manually re-picked P- and S-arrivals of 1,488 events from January 2009 to September 2017 recorded at 27 stations of the BMKG network. An iterative damped least-squares inversion method was applied to simultaneously calculate both hypocenter relocations and velocity structure beneath this high-risk region to a depth of 200 km. We then compare the tomographic results and seismicity to interpret structural features in the seismic zones. The subducted slab is dipping toward the north, imaged by the high-velocity regions with low Vp/Vs at depths of about 50–100 km. Low-velocity anomalies with high Vp/Vs above the slab at a depth of ∼100 km, imply the possible location of partial melting from slab dehydration. Fluids and melts are ascending to feed the volcanoes i. e., Merapi-Merbabu, Wilis, Pandan, Semeru, Bromo, and Ijen that also have similar low-velocity anomalies at 10–30 km depths, suggesting the presence of the sedimentary basin or magma reservoir. We also have redetermined the hypocenter location of the 2021 (Mw 6.1) Malang earthquake at 8.94oS, 112.45oE, with a depth of 59.7 km. The location error in the x, y, and z directions are 3.08, 6.39, and 11.91 km, respectively. This intraslab event with a thrusting mechanism is located in the high-velocity region and close to the intermediate-depth seismic clusters, which indicates the geometry of the oceanic slab. In the region of 1994 (Mw 7.8) Banyuwangi earthquake, we found a low-velocity anomaly at ∼ 50 km depth that might be associated with the presence of subducting seamount that is more hydrated than the surrounding slab. The slip over this subducting seamount caused the tsunamigenic earthquake.

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Northward migration of the Javanese volcanic arc along thrust faults

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Barriers to Melt Ascent in the Lithosphere of Io With Applications to Heat Pipe Formation

Seismic Imaging of Lithospheric Structure Beneath Central-East Java Region, Indonesia: Relation to Recent Earthquakes

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