Northern Lights: Access to Electricity in Canada's Northern and Remote Communities

Arriaga, Mariano; Cañizares, Claudio A.; Kazerani, M.

doi:10.1109/mpe.2014.2317963

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The fuel cell stack capital cost was derived on a per cell basis from the Bloom Energy Bloom Box, which costs $750 000 for a 100‐kW 4200 cell stack, resulting in a per cell cost of $178.57. The average Canadian remote community diesel generator efficiency of 35% reported by Arriaga et al was used to estimate generator diesel consumption. The average cost of diesel was estimated at $1.84/L, based on a project lifespan of 20 years and the price projections for delivered diesel from the Northwest Ontario First Nation Transmission Planning Committee report .…”

Section: Model Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canadian remote community power generation: How reformer and fuel cell systems compare with diesel generators

DePippo

Peppley

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary More than three quarters of Canadian remote communities rely solely on diesel generators for electricity generation. The diesel dependency of remote communities has inflated local per capita greenhouse gas emissions and resulted in rising and inconsistent electricity prices that have made community viability reliant on government subsidies. As the diesel generators approach the end of their lifespan replacement, technologies must be considered that will help transition Canadian remote communities from diesel to renewables. Replacing diesel generators with steam reformer and solid oxide fuel cell systems would allow for more efficient diesel generation and would benefit the future implementation of renewable power. A model was generated in Honeywell's UniSim Design Suite to simulate the performance of a diesel fed steam reformer and solid oxide fuel cell system. System operating parameters in the model were optimized to minimize the expected payback period. The system model outputs were compared with expected diesel generator performance for a test case remote community. The test community demonstrated that replacing diesel generators with the proposed steam reformer and solid oxide fuel cell system would result in annual net efficiency improvements of 32%. The efficiency improvement could potentially translate to reductions in carbon dioxide equivalents of over 258 kt and 20‐year savings of over $450 million if all diesel‐reliant Canadian remote communities switched to steam reformer and solid oxide fuel cell systems. In addition to immediate environmental and economic savings, the improved low load performance of the reformer and fuel cell system would allow for the future integration of renewable energy to create highly efficient diesel‐renewable hybrid power plants.

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Section: Model Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diesel generators are the primary method of electricity generation in 216 remote communities with an additional three communities relying on diesel‐renewable hybrid systems. Remote communities consume approximately 215 million litres of diesel annually, resulting in per capita carbon emissions of nearly double the Canadian average …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian remote community power generation: How reformer and fuel cell systems compare with diesel generators

DePippo

Peppley

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…Most of the electricity which is consumed in these communities is produced by diesel fuelled generators . Arriaga et al provided information about the nature of diesel generation in off‐grid communities . Most diesel engines in these communities have a rated capacity between 100 kW and 3 MW, and most communities operated 3–5 engines .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air‐blown bubbling fluidized bed co‐gasification of woody biomass and refuse derived fuel

et al. 2016

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Air‐blown auto‐thermal bubbling fluidized bed gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and wood pellet mixtures was investigated at 725 °C, 800 °C, and 875 °C. Gasification of mixtures containing RDF at 875 °C resulted in agglomeration of bed material, which prevented steady state operation of the gasifier. Results from the analysis of produced gases, equivalence ratios, and feed rates, did not indicate significant interactions between the two different types of fuel pellets during gasification. RDF was found to yield more tar than wood pellets, but wood pellets tended to produce more problematic tar compounds. Only small variations in the lower heating value of produced gases were observed, though a greater portion of the heating value of the gases produced with RDF was provided by C2 and C3 hydrocarbons.

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“…E LECTRIFICATION of remote and rural areas has been always a major challenge due to a variety of constraints such as the area accessibility and economic factors [1], [2]. The electricity demand in these areas can be supplied by the help of DERs in an islanded scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Neighboring Microgrids for Overload Management Based on Dynamic Multicriteria Decision-Making

Shahnia

Bourbour

Ghosh

2015

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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A microgrid (MG) is expected to supply its local loads independently; however, due to intermittency of wind and solar-based energy resources as well as the load uncertainty, it is probable that the MG experiences power deficiency (overloading). This problem can be mitigated by coupling the overloaded MG to another neighboring MG that has surplus power. Considering a distribution network composed of several islanded MGs, defining the suitable MGs (alternative) to be coupled with the overloaded MG is a challenge. An MG overload management technique is developed in this paper, which first identifies the overloaded MG(s) and then selects the most suitable alternative. The alternative selection is based on different criteria, such as available surplus power, reliability, supply security, power loss, electricity cost, and CO 2 emissions in the alternative MGs. Moreover, the frequency and voltage deviation in the system of coupled MGs are considered in the selection. A dynamic multicriteria decision-making algorithm is developed for this purpose. To contemplate the uncertainties in the considered distribution network, a cloud theory-based probabilistic analysis is deployed as the research framework and the performance of the developed technique is evaluated in MATLAB.

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Northern Lights: Access to Electricity in Canada's Northern and Remote Communities

Cited by 81 publications

References 1 publication

Canadian remote community power generation: How reformer and fuel cell systems compare with diesel generators

Canadian remote community power generation: How reformer and fuel cell systems compare with diesel generators

Air‐blown bubbling fluidized bed co‐gasification of woody biomass and refuse derived fuel

Coupling Neighboring Microgrids for Overload Management Based on Dynamic Multicriteria Decision-Making

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