Northern Hemispheric Organic Lead Emissions in Fresh Greenland Snow

Łobiński, Ryszard; Boutron, Claude F.; Candelone, Jean-Pierre; Hong, Sungmin; Szpunar-Łobińska, Joanna; Adams, F.

doi:10.1021/es00057a013

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Ice-core studies in Greenland (Boutron and others 1995) suggested that Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu concentrations had significantly increased in Greenland snow until mid 1960s. Discontinuation of the use of leaded gasoline in North America and western European countries by 1980s led to the drastic reduction of Pb in the environment (Lobinski and others 1993; Shotyk and others 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition and bacterial incidence in firn-cores at Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard

Singh¹,

Gawas-Sakhalkar²,

Naik³

et al. 2013

Polar Record

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The present study was conducted to measure the elemental concentration and bacterial deposition in the firn-cores at the Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard. Firn-cores up to 1m deep were collected and divided into three subsections. These were subjected to elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS). In all 20 elements were analysed. The crustal enrichment factors calculated for these elements on the basis of Fe values, demonstrate that the elements have derived from both crustal and anthropogenic sources. For certain elements there also exists a possibility of input from sea salt spray. Total bacterial counts in these firn samples ranged from 1.03 × 10 5 to 3.67 × 10 5 per ml of meltwater. Culturability of these bacterial cells, in comparison to the total count was very low. At 4 • C the maximum culturability was <1.4% of the total count while at 15 • C it was still lower (∼1%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition and bacterial incidence in firn-cores at Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard

Singh¹,

Gawas-Sakhalkar²,

Naik³

et al. 2013

Polar Record

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“…This can be assessed by investigating the changes in the OrgPb concentrations in the successive snow layers. Lobinski et al 20 addressed this particular issue through the analysis of 18 fresh snow samples deposited between January and August 1989 at Dye 3, a Southern Greenland site, and 12 samples from Summit, Central Greenland, from May 1987, June 1989 and July 1989 snow events. In the Dye 3 samples, the total ionic OrgPb levels from January to April snow falls ranged from 100 to 800 fg g 21 , with an average around 470 fg g 21 .…”

Section: Alkyllead Compounds In Recent Snows From Greenland and Mont ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of organometal and organohalogen compounds in relation to global environmental pollution†

Adams¹,

Heisterkamp²,

Candelone³

et al. 1998

Analyst

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Speciation of the elements emitted into the atmosphere plays an important role in their long range transport over the globe and their eventual pollution of remote environments. This paper describes recent results of our laboratory in: (1) organolead determinations in archives of snow and ice in Greenland and the Mont Blanc region in Western Europe. Speciation analysis together with the determination of total inorganic lead gives a clear indication on the extent of global pollution when compounds are transported over long distances in the atmosphere; and (2) determinations of volatile halocarbons in macroalgae whose transport in the stratosphere could interfere with the ozone destruction process. It is shown that the analytical methodology for the determination of a number of species is now well enough developed to allow ultra-sensitive and reliable measurements in samples collected in the remote environment and to derive interesting conclusions on long range transport processes.

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“…In particular, speciation of alkyllead compounds (used as antiknock compounds in gasoline since 1923) naturally stored in successive precisely dated polar ice and snow sheets (at concentrations presumed to be proportional to those existing in the polar atmosphere at the time of precipitation) contributes to the reconstruc-tion of the history of global pollution by automotive lead and to the effort to identify its continental origins and extent. 58,59 The (1± 300 pg/g) and the fraction of organolead (0.1± 0.5%, split into a variety of species), a method for the determination of organolead compounds down to the low fg g 2 1 level on the basis of a several-grams sample is needed. The coupling of capillary GC with an MIP AES should be preceded by (1) a microextraction technique that allows virtually quantitative recovery of ionic alkylleads as DDTC complexes in the hexane phase with a preconcentration factor of 400; (2) microvolume propylation with PrMgCl followed by destruction of the excess Grignard reagent; and (3) an on-line preconcentration technique by solvent venting, enabling introduction of large volumes (50± 100 m L) on a capillary column.…”

Section: Speciation and Pristine Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure, described in detail elsewhere, allows one to achieve a detection limit at the 10 fg g 2 1 level, controlled by the blank. 60 Rigorous control of contamination during sampling, transport, and storage of samples is a prerequisite for valid analysis to eliminate the contamination risk. 58± 61 A typical chromatogram for a deep snow-core sample is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Speciation and Pristine Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%