Northern Florida reef tract benthic metabolism scaled by remote sensing

Brock, John C.; Yates, Kimberly K.; Halley, Robert B.; Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Wright, C. Wayne; Hatcher, Bruce G.

doi:10.3354/meps312123

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The accuracy of coral reef geomorphic mapping based on optical imagery has been limited by the spatial and spectral resolution of remote sensors (Brock et al, 2006;Mumby and Edwards, 2002), despite recent advances in image classification techniques (Leon and Woodroffe, 2011;Phinn et al, 2012). For example, the differences between the proportions of geomorphic zones in planar and fringing reefs of Torres Strait and the GBR are mainly due to characteristics of the underlying imagery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brock et al, 2006;Gattuso et al, 1997;Yates and Halley, 2003), although empirical studies suggest calcification is reducing as a result of increase in sea surface temperature and partial pressure of CO 2 (Silverman et al, 2009). Kinsey and Hopley (1991) derived generalized gross production rates (G values) for intra-reef geomorphic zones in the GBR based on a combination of 3 absolute modes defined by Kinsey (1979).…”

Section: Hydrochemistry-derived Gross Caco 3 Production Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maps of the geomorphic zones which characterise coral reefs can also be used to provide an indication of the distribution, patterns and extent of different coral reef biological communities and to estimate reef growth, productivity or coral health across regions (Andréfouët et al, 2006;Hamylton et al, 2012). Scaling-up coral reef gross production and calcification rates has been undertaken at different spatial scales and levels of generalization by linearly extrapolating metabolism rates based on the areal extent of geomorphic and benthic community zones, from individual reef platforms (Ahmad and Neil, 1994;Ryan et al, 2001), to synoptic coral reef regions (Andréfouët and Payri, 2000;Brock et al, 2006;Kinsey and Hopley, 1991;Moses et al, 2009), to global estimates (Vecsei, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological characterisation of reef types in Torres Strait and an assessment of their carbonate production

Leon

Woodroffe

2013

Marine Geology

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Coral reefs represent major accumulations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The particularly labyrinthine network of reefs in Torres Strait, north of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), has been examined in order to estimate their gross CaCO3 productivity. The approach involved a two-step procedure, first characterising and classifying the morphology of reefs based on a classification scheme widely employed on the GBR and then estimating gross CaCO3 productivity rates across the region using a regional census-based approach. This was undertaken by independently verifying published rates of coral reef community gross production for use in Torres Strait, based on site-specific ecological and morphological data. A total of 606 reef platforms were mapped and classified using classification trees. Despite the complexity of the maze of reefs in Torres Strait, there are broad morphological similarities with reefs in the GBR. The spatial distribution and dimensions of reef types across both regions are underpinned by similar geological processes, sea-level history in the Holocene and exposure to the same wind/wave energetic regime, resulting in comparable geomorphic zonation. However, the presence of strong tidal currents flowing through Torres Strait and the relatively shallow and narrow dimensions of the shelf exert a control on local morphology and spatial distribution of the reef platforms. A total amount of 8.7 million tonnes of CaCO3 per year, at an average rate of 3.7 kg CaCO3 m− 2 yr− 1 (G), were estimated for the studied area. Extrapolated production rates based on detailed and regional census-based approaches for geomorphic zones across Torres Strait were comparable to those reported elsewhere, particularly values for the GBR based on alkalinity-reduction methods. However, differences in mapping methodologies and the impact of reduced calcification due to global trends in coral reef ecological decline and changing oceanic physical conditions warrant further research. The novel method proposed in this study to characterise the geomorphology of reef types based on classification trees provides an objective and repeatable data-driven approach that combined with regional census-based approaches has the potential to be adapted and transferred to different coral reef regions, depicting a more accurate picture of interactions between reef ecology and geomorphology. been examined in order to estimate their gross CaCO 3 productivity. The approach involved a two-step procedure, first characterising and classifying the morphology of reefs based on a classification scheme widely employed on the GBR and then estimating gross CaCO 3 productivity rates across the region using a regional census-based approach. This was undertaken by independently verifying published rates of coral reef community gross production for use in Torres Strait, based on site-specific ecological and morphological data.A total of 606 reef platform were mapped and classified using classification trees. per year, at an average rate of 3.7 kg CaCO 3 m -2 ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrochemistry-derived Gross Caco 3 Production Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological characterisation of reef types in Torres Strait and an assessment of their carbonate production

Leon

Woodroffe

2013

Marine Geology

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“…Due to the absence of either known saturation effects with the geographical expansion of carbonate production across reef platforms, or nonlinear interactions in calcification at smaller spatial scales (as may be expected with the alternative mechanisms), we assume here that net CaCO 3 production for different benthic communities is additive. This has previously been adopted for production and calcification of reefs at Moorea (Andréfouët and Payri 2001), Florida (Brock et al 2006) and the Great Barrier Reef (Hamylton et al 2013;Hamylton 2014). The total net CaCO 3 production can be calculated by the sum of the product of the net CaCO 3 production for an individual benthic type and the proportional area of each reef covered by that benthic community (Equation 1).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaCO 3 production rate data ideally should be collected in situ at the study site (Yates and Halley 2003;Brock et al 2006). Alternatively, published values from other areas can be used under the assumption that they are representative of the study area and mapped features or classes.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating benthic community changes into hydrochemical-based projections of coral reef calcium carbonate production under ocean acidification

2016

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The existence of coral reefs is dependent on the production and maintenance of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) framework that is produced through calcification. The net production of CaCO3 will likely decline in the future, from both declining net calcification rates (decreasing calcification and increasing dissolution) and shifts in benthic community composition from calcifying organisms to non-calcifying organisms. Here, we present a framework for hydrochemical studies that allows both declining net calcification rates and changes in benthic community composition to be incorporated into projections of coral reef CaCO3 production. The framework involves upscaling net calcification rates for each benthic community type using mapped proportional cover of the benthic communities. This upscaling process was applied to the reef flats at One Tree and Lady Elliot reefs (Great Barrier Reef) and Shiraho Reef (Okinawa), and compared to existing data. Future CaCO3 budgets were projected for Lady Elliot Reef, predicting a decline of 53 % from the present value by end-century (800 ppm CO2) without any changes to benthic community composition. A further 5.7 % decline in net CaCO3 production is expected for each 10 % decline in calcifier cover, and net dissolution is predicted by end-century if calcifier cover drops below 18 % of the present extent. These results show the combined negative effect of both declining net calcification rates and changing benthic community composition on reefs and the importance of considering both processes for determining future reef CaCO3 production. AbstractThe existence of coral reefs is dependent on the production and maintenance of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) framework that is produced through biogenic calcification. The net production of CaCO 3 is likely to decline in the future, both due to declining net calcification rates (decreasing calcification and increasing dissolution rates) and shifts in benthic community composition from calcifying organisms (e.g. corals) to non-calcifying organisms (e.g. fleshy algae). Here we present a framework for hydrochemical studies that allows both declining net calcification rates and changes in benthic community composition to be incorporated into projections of coral reef CaCO 3 production. The framework involves upscaling net calcification rates for each benthic community type by using mapped proportional cover of the benthic communities. This upscaling process was applied to One Tree and Lady Elliot Reefs (Great Barrier Reef) and Shiraho Reef (Okinawa) and compared to existing data. Future CaCO 3 budgets were projected for Lady Elliot reef, predicting a decline to 47% of the present value by end-century (800 ppm CO 2 ) without any changes to benthic community composition. Under a 50% reduction in the benthic cover of calcifying organisms at Lady Elliot reef, CaCO 3 production was projected to decline to 18% of the present value. These results show the combined negative effect of both declining net calcification rates and changing benthic communi...

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Light‐use efficiency for coral reef communities and benthic functional types

Hochberg,

Pisapia,

Carpenter

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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Coral reef metabolism is dominated by benthic photoautotrophic communities that comprise varying combinations of algae, coral, and sand. Rates of daily gross primary production (GPP) for these benthic functional types (BFTs) are remarkably consistent across biogeographical regions, supporting the idea that reefs exhibit modal metabolism. Most variability in reported rates likely arises from differences in light availability. In fact, GPP is a linear function of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fraction of PAR absorbed (fAPAR) by photoautotrophic organisms or communities, and light‐use efficiency (ε), which parameterizes photosynthesizers' biochemical capacity for CO2 fixation: GPP = ε × fAPAR × PAR. On time scales of days to weeks, fAPAR and ε are far more stable than PAR. ε is a critical parameter, because it represents productive response integrated across all environmental conditions, other than light. If BFTs exhibit consistent GPP across wide geographic ranges, then their εs must also be consistent. The aim of this study was to estimate ε for algae, coral, and sand. Using data collected during NASA's CORAL mission in 2016–2017, ε was calculated for 32 mixed communities at Lizard Island, Australia (10); Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i (8); Guam (6); and Palau (8). Nonnegative least squares was used to solve for ε of each BFT, producing values of 0.038, 0.060, and 0.016 C photon−1 for algae, coral, and sand, respectively. These values can be used in light‐driven models of reef metabolism. Further work is necessary to refine these estimates and, importantly, to explore how ε is affected by environmental conditions.

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Northern Florida reef tract benthic metabolism scaled by remote sensing

Abstract: Holistic rates of excess organic carbon production (E) and calcification for a 0.5 km 2

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Morphological characterisation of reef types in Torres Strait and an assessment of their carbonate production

Morphological characterisation of reef types in Torres Strait and an assessment of their carbonate production

Incorporating benthic community changes into hydrochemical-based projections of coral reef calcium carbonate production under ocean acidification

Light‐use efficiency for coral reef communities and benthic functional types

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