North winds and production in the eastern North Atlantic

Dickson, Robert R.; Kelly, P. M.; Colebrook, J. M.; Wooster, Warren S.; Cushing, D. H.

doi:10.1093/plankt/10.1.151

Cited by 179 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the results of Dickson et al (1988) and López-Jamar et al (1995), showing a negative correlation between upwelling conditions and sardine recruitment in Galicia. The dates of birth of the surviving recruits can be exactly measured by reading the otoliths of juvenile fish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Parental effects in the European sardine Sardina pilchardus

Riveiro

Guisande²,

Maneiro³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Positive parental effects, defined as the strategies displayed by sardine Sardina pilchardus adults to increase the survival of eggs and larvae, were studied off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) by monthly sampling of eggs and larvae in Ría de Vigo, over a period of 4 yr. Two different parental strategies were observed over the spawning period: temporal variations in spawning intensity, and variation of egg quality. Sardine spawn outside the upwelling season, to avoid offshore transport of eggs and larvae to where food is less abundant. There is a negative correlation between the duration of embryonic development and egg organic content. Sardine employ a parental strategy that adapts the biochemical composition of eggs to the evolution of the temperature in the area during the spawning season. Eggs of higher organic content are produced in the coldest months, thereby compensating for the delay in embryonic development time due to low temperatures. This also has the effect of enhancing larval survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Parental effects in the European sardine Sardina pilchardus

Riveiro

Guisande²,

Maneiro³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Cod recruitment covaries positively with phytoplankton and zooplank- ton (C. finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus) abundance due to reduced food (zooplankton availability and quality) (26). Since 1958 increasing temperatures have reduced the quality of zooplanktonic food available for larval/juvenile cod [progressive substitution of C. finmarchicus by C. helgolandicus at higher temperatures (25)], mediated by changes in water column stratification (49,50), leading to poor recruitment to adult populations in the North Sea (26). In addition, decline in food availability has exacerbated the decline of European cod stocks due to overfishing (7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic summers have warmed more than winters since 1353, and the response of marine zooplankton

Kamenos

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Modeling and measurements show that Atlantic marine temperatures are rising; however, the low temporal resolution of models and restricted spatial resolution of measurements (i) mask regional details critical for determining the rate and extent of climate variability, and (ii) prevent robust determination of climatic impacts on marine ecosystems. To address both issues for the North East Atlantic, a fortnightly resolution marine climate record from 1353-2006 was constructed for shallow inshore waters and compared to changes in marine zooplankton abundance. For the first time summer marine temperatures are shown to have increased nearly twice as much as winter temperatures since 1353. Additional climatic instability began in 1700 characterized by ∼5-65 year climate oscillations that appear to be a recent phenomenon. Enhanced summer-specific warming reduced the abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a key food item of cod, and led to significantly lower projected abundances by 2040 than at present. The faster increase of summer marine temperatures has implications for climate projections and affects abundance, and thus biomass, near the base of the marine food web with potentially significant feedback effects for marine food security.coralline algae | rhodolith | maerl | seasonal P rior to instrumentally derived temperature records that began in the 1850s, knowledge of seasonal and regional-scale marine temperature changes at high latitudes is limited. Thus at present, hemispheric Atlantic climatic patterns are deduced from multiproxy and instrumental networks using statistical (1, 2) and modeling (3) approaches. Whereas such approaches show that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) have a substantial influence on Atlantic climate (e.g., ref. 4) they are still unable to capture details that are critical for determining the spatiotemporal distribution of climate oscillations (5, 6) and their associated impacts (7). For example, whereas the AMO, which models suggest reflects multidecadal variation in the AMOC (8), is the dominant influence on summer climate in the United Kingdom (9), at higher European latitudes, seasonal terrestrial tree-ring climate records (6, 10) are not representative of high-latitude sea surface temperatures (11). Limited spatiotemporal resolution, absent proxy validation and organism effects have restricted the distribution of current inshore proxy-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records (12-16). Therefore to date, we have a poor understanding of season specific temperature variability. Similarly, SST, AMO, and AMOC variations are not well represented at high spatiotemporal resolution beyond the instrumental record in North East Atlantic shallow inshore waters (for example 55°50'N 05°50'W). This information is needed to better understand rates of regional climate variability (5).Marine responses to such climate fluctuations are reflected in the productivity of marine ecosystems f...

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“…An example is provided by the continuous plankton recorder surveys of the North Atlantic, providing data on spatial variations in the distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton over half a century (see, for example, Colebrook 1982, McGowan 1990. The evidence from these studies has been that the larger spatial and temporal scales show the greatest variations, and that these correlate well with large-scale climatic variations (Dickson et al 1988, McGowan 1990. The approach taken (Radach 1984), similar to that described earlier, is first to ask how much of the variation can be explained by variation in the physical environment, and then to look to autonomous biological factors to …”

Section: Global Climate Change and Ecological Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture

Levin¹

1992

Ecology

5,553

1,573

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Abstract. It is argued that the problem of pattern and scale is the central problem in ecology, unifying population biology and ecosystems science, and marrying basic and applied ecology. Applied challenges, such as the prediction of the ecological causes and consequences of global climate change, require the interfacing of phenomena that occur on very different scales of space, time, and ecological organization. Furthermore, there is no single natural scale at which ecological phenomena should be studied; systems generally show characteristic variability on a range of spatial, temporal, and organizational scales. The observer imposes a perceptual bias, a filter through which the system is viewed. This has fundamental evolutionary significance, since every organism is an "observer" of the environment, and life history adaptations such as dispersal and dormancy alter the perceptual scales of the species, and the observed variability. It likewise has fundamental significance for our own study of ecological systems, since the patterns that are unique to any range of scales will have unique causes and biological consequences.The key to prediction and understanding lies in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying observed patterns. Typically, these mechanisms operate at different scales than those on which the patterns are observed; in some cases, the patterns must be understood as emerging from the collective behaviors oflarge ensembles of smaller scale units. In other cases, the pattern is imposed by larger scale constraints. Examination of such phenomena requires the study of how pattern and variability change with the scale of description, and the development of laws for simplification, aggregation, and scaling. Examples are given from the marine and terrestrial literatures.

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North winds and production in the eastern North Atlantic

Cited by 179 publications

References 0 publications

Parental effects in the European sardine Sardina pilchardus

Parental effects in the European sardine Sardina pilchardus

North Atlantic summers have warmed more than winters since 1353, and the response of marine zooplankton

The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture

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