North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Synchronizes Climate Fluctuations in the Eastern and Western Boundary Systems*

Ceballos, Lina I.; Lorenzo, Emanuele Di; Hoyos, Carlos D.; Schneider, Niklas; Taguchi, Bunmei

doi:10.1175/2009jcli2848.1

Cited by 155 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that the NPGO can fluctuate on decadal time scales in observation, oceanalone model and the fully coupled model [e.g., Di Lorenzo et al, 2008Chhak et al, 2009;Ceballos et al, 2009;Furtado et al, 2011Furtado et al, , 2012. However, it is very difficult to tell whether the decadal variations of the observed NPGO are significant or not due to the lack of long-term observational records.…”

Section: Decadal Variability Of Npgo In Soda Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SLP variability associated with the NPGO features a NPO-like spatial pattern, characterized by a dipole structure over the North Pacific Ocean with an opposite sign north and south of 40 o N (Figure 1b). The coincidence of the dipole structure between the SSH and SLP implies that the NPGO mode is likely an oceanic expression of the atmospheric NPO-like forcing [Chhak et al, 2009;Ceballos et al, 2009;Furtado et al, 2011].It should be noted that since NPGO mode physically represents changes in the strength of To examine whether the NPGO has significant decadal variability in SODA, we perform a power spectrum analysis of the original time series of EOF2 (NPGO index, Figure 1c). The power spectrum features enhanced variance around 10-30 year band (significant at 95% confidence level), with a maximum at 18 years ( Figure 1d).…”

Section: Decadal Variability Of Npgo In Soda Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Ceballos et al [2009] pointed out that the NPGO signature moves from the central North Pacific to the KOE region with a lag of 2-3 years. In SODA reanalysis, the Rossby wave speed in the absence of mean current (calculation based on [Killworth et al [1997] and Chelton et al [1998]) is roughly 0.02 m s 21 at 458N and 0.1 m s 21 at 308N (positive eastward) between 1508E and 2308E.…”

Section: Longitude( O )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chhak et al [2009] found that the NPGO is mainly driven by a specific atmospheric forcing pattern called North Pacific Oscillation (NPO, [e.g., Walker and Bliss, 1932;Rogers, 1981;Linkin and Nigam, 2008;Ceballos et al, 2009]) that is defined as the second dominant mode of North Pacific sea surface pressure (SLP) anomalies and characterized by a north-south dipole SLP over the North Pacific Ocean. Based on budget analyses in an AR-1 model [Hasselmann, 1976] reconstruction, Chhak et al [2009] further pointed out that the NPGO pattern is mainly shaped by the anomalous horizontal advection of mean sea surface temperature and vertical advection via Ekman pumping, highlighting the significance of ocean dynamics induced by the atmospheric wind forcing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the mechanisms of decadal variability of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation over the 20th century

Zhang

2015

JGR Oceans

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The decadal variability of the North Pacific gyre oscillation (NPGO) over the 20 th century is examined from a long-term integration of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis. The NPGO is reflected by the second dominant pattern of sea surface height (SSH) variability in SODA, with a northsouth dipole structure over the northeast Pacific. SSH anomalies in this region exhibit distinct decadal variability with a significant spectrum peak at approximately 18 years. The upper-ocean heat budget reveals that this dipole structure associated with the NPGO is predominantly due to the anomalous Ekman pumping and Ekman advection induced by the surface wind. The NPGO mode in SODA reanalysis originates from atmosphere stochastic noise (North Pacific Oscillation) which has a meridional dipole pattern but no preferred time scale. The oceanic planetary wave, particularly the advective baroclinic mode, integration of atmospheric stochastic noise leads to a spatial resonance with preferred decadal time scale. The limitation of current study is also discussed.

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Section: Decadal Variability Of Npgo In Soda Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decadal Variability Of Npgo In Soda Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Longitude( O )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the mechanisms of decadal variability of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation over the 20th century

Zhang

2015

JGR Oceans

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“…The intensified Aleutian low in the Warm/Pre-Cold phases imply cooling of the upper ocean in the western North Pacific caused by (cold) northerly winds and warming of the upper ocean towards the North American coast (left panels in Fig. 8), and an anomalous equatorward Ekman transport south of the Aleutian low (Ceballos et al 2009). The weakened Aleutian low in the Cold/Pre-Warm phases lead to a reversed forcing of the upper ocean (right panels in Fig.…”

Section: Surface Wind Stress Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional surface cooling in a warming climate: a multi-model analysis

Medhaug

Drange

2015

Clim Dyn

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to variations in global surface temperature. The likelihood of decadal-scale non-warming periods decrease with global warming, firstly at the low latitude region stretching eastward from the tropical Atlantic towards the western Pacific. The North Atlantic and Southern Oceans have largest likelihood of non-warming decades in a warming world. Keywords Hiatus · CMIP5 · Global warming · Decadal variability MotivationA central issue in climate research in recent years has been the apparent paradox that global surface temperature has not been increasing in tandem with increasing emissions of human-induced greenhouse gases. This paradox has generated a lot of attention among researchers (e.g., Easterling and Wehner 2009;Foster and Rahmstorf 2011;Katsman and van Oldenborgh 2011;Santer et al. 2011Santer et al. , 2014Trenberth and Fasullo 2013;Huber and Knutti 2014;Maher et al. 2014;Risbey et al. 2014;Watanabe et al. 2014) and the general public (Tollefson 2014). It has also been used to cast doubts about the reliability of climate research in general and climate models in particular (Showstack 2014) since the ensemble mean of the models do not reproduce the so-called surface temperature hiatus.A large suite of possible factors influencing the recent hiatus in the global surface temperature have been identified, including: the possibility of too-high model sensitivity to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing (Flato et al. 2013); decadal-scale ocean uptake and storage of heat in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., Meehl et al. 2011;Kosaka and Xie 2013;Meehl et al. 2013;Trenberth and Fasullo 2013;England et al. 2014;Hu et al. 2015), in the Atlantic Ocean Abstract Instrumental temperature records show that the global climate may experience decadal-scale periods without warming despite a long-term warming trend. We analysed 17 global climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), identifying the likelihood and duration of periods without warming in the four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, together with the preindustrial control and historical simulations. We find that non-warming periods may last 10, 15 and 30 years for RCP8.5, RCP6.0 and RCP4.5, respectively. In the models, anomalous ocean heat uptake and storage are the main factors explaining the decadalscale surface temperature hiatus periods. The low-latitude East Pacific Ocean is a key region for these variations, acting in tandem with basin-scale anomalies in the sea level pressure. During anomalously cold decades, roughly 35-50 % of the heat anomalies in the upper 700 m of the ocean are located in the Pacific Ocean, and 25 % in the Atlantic Ocean. Decadal-scale ocean heat anomalies, integrated over the upper 700 m, have a magnitude of about 7.5 × 10 21 J. This is comparable to the ocean heat uptake needed to maintain a 10 year period without increasing surface temperature under global warming. On sub-decadal time scales the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern Oceans all have the a...

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Modulation of decadal oscillation on surface chlorophyll in the Kuroshio Extension

et al. 2014

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[1] In the study, the responses of chlorophyll to decadal oscillations of Kuroshio Extension (KE) between two dynamical states are investigated using satellite data. Associated with the KE stable and unstable states, the surface chlorophyll south of 35 N also undergoes two different contrast patterns: low (high) chlorophyll ( 12% relative to multiyear mean) corresponding to strengthened (weakened) KE jet, i.e., stable (unstable) KE. Two distinct seesaw patterns exist on the north and south side of 35 N for both chlorophyll and sea level anomaly and on the east and west side of 153 E for both chlorophyll and eddy kinetic energy. Similarly, the magnitude of spring bloom was also modulated by decadal variations of KE. The spring bloom was suppressed (enhanced)

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North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Synchronizes Climate Fluctuations in the Eastern and Western Boundary Systems*

Cited by 155 publications

References 34 publications

On the mechanisms of decadal variability of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation over the 20th century

On the mechanisms of decadal variability of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation over the 20th century

Global and regional surface cooling in a warming climate: a multi-model analysis

Modulation of decadal oscillation on surface chlorophyll in the Kuroshio Extension

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