North Pacific Guyots

Smoot, N. Christian

doi:10.21236/ada239388

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[50] and we shall not undertake them here. We note however that the pre-COBE limits on anisotropy were already strong enough to place constraints of n s ∼ > 0.6 for σ 8 = 1 and n s ∼ > 0.3 for σ 8 = 0.5 [47] at the 90% confidence level, and the constraints from an earlier DMR limit [63] also gave similar values. (For other previous discussions of power law CDM spectra, see [38,39,67].…”

Section: ) the Epoch Of Structure Formation And Other Testssupporting

confidence: 54%

Natural inflation: Particle physics models, power-law spectra for large-scale structure, and constraints from the Cosmic Background Explorer

et al. 1993

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A pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson, with a potential of the form V (φ) = Λ 4 [1 ± cos(φ/f )], can naturally give rise to an epoch of inflation in the early universe, if f ∼ M P l and Λ ∼ M GU T . Such mass scales arise in particle physics models with a gauge group that becomes strongly interacting at the GUT scale. We explore the particle physics basis for these models, focusing on technicolor and superstring theories, and work out a specific example based on the multiple gaugino condensation scenario in string/supergravity theory. We study the cosmological evolution of and constraints upon these models numerically and analytically. To obtain a sufficiently high post-inflation reheat temperature for baryosynthesis to occur we require f ∼ > 0.3M pl . The primordial density fluctuation spectrum generated by quantum fluctuations in φ is a non-scale-invariant power law, P (k) ∝ k n s , with n s ≃ 1 − (M 2 P l /8πf 2 ), leading to more power on large length scales than the n s = 1 Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum. We pay special attention to the prospects of using the enhanced power to explain the otherwise puzzling large-scale clustering of galaxies and clusters and their flows. We find that the standard cold dark matter model with 0 ∼ < n s ∼ < 0.6 could in principle explain this data. However, the microwave background anisotropies recently detected by COBE imply such low primordial amplitudes (that is, bias factors b 8 ∼ > 2) for these CDM models that galaxy formation would occur too late to be viable and the large-scale galaxy flows would be too small; when combined with COBE, these each lead to the constraint n s ∼ > 0.6, hence f > 0.3M P l , comparable to the bound from baryogenesis. For other inflation models which give rise to initial fluctuation spectra that are power laws through the 3 decades in wavelength

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Section: ) the Epoch Of Structure Formation And Other Testssupporting

confidence: 54%

Natural inflation: Particle physics models, power-law spectra for large-scale structure, and constraints from the Cosmic Background Explorer

et al. 1993

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“…The remaining 94 (out of 99) atolls display polygonal shapes with large concave 'bites' (suggesting landslide scars) and linear margins (fault scars). Subsequent studies of Pacifc atolls and guyots using side-scan sonar indicate that linear margins appear to mark the head walls of ancient landslides (SMOOT, 1986;KEATING et al, 1991;KEATING, 1994a;BERGERSEN, 1995;SMOOT and KING, 1993). The side-scan sonar images of the margins of volcanic edifices show that many cusps in the coastline mark scars of ancient landslides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island Edifice Failures and Associated Tsunami Hazards

Keating¹

2000

Pure and Applied Geophysics

134

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Volcanic ocean islands are prone to structural failure of the edifice that result in landslides that can generate destructive tsunamis. These island landslides range enormously in size, varying from small rock falls to giant sector failures involving tens of cubic kilometers of debris. A survey of literature has allowed us to identify twenty-three processes that contribute to edifice collapse. These have been divided into endogenetic and exogenetic sources of edifice failure. Endogenetic sources of instability and failure include unstable foundations, volcanic intrusions, thermal alteration, edifice pore pressures, unbuttressed structures, and buried faults. Exogenetic sources of instability and failure include collapse of subaerial or submarine deposits, endo-upwelling, karst megaporosity, fractures, oversteepening, overloading, sea-level change, marine erosion, weathering including hurricanes, glacial response, volcanic activity, regional uplift or subsidence, tectonic seismicity and anthropogenic agents. While the endogenetic sources dominate during periods of active volcanism and cone building, the exogenetic sources may cause failure at any time. Tsunamis, both small and large, are associated with these edifice failures.

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“…In 1948, Alpher & Hermann [1] realized that if light elements were produced in a hot big bang, as Gamow and others had suggested [2], then the Universe today should have a temperature of about 5 K. When Penzias & Wilson discovered an anomalous background in 1964, consistent with a blackbody spectrum at a temperature of ∼ 3 K [3], Dicke and his collaborators immediately recognized it as the radiation associated with this nonzero cosmological temperature [4]. Subsequent observations that confirm a remarkable degree of isotropy (apart from a dipole [5,6], which can be interpreted as our motion of 627 ± 22 km s −1 with respect to the blackbody rest frame [7,8,9,10]) suggest an extragalactic origin for this cosmic microwave background (CMB). Strong upper limits to any angular cross-correlation between the CMB temperature and the extragalactic X-ray background intensity [11,12] suggest that the CMB comes from redshifts greater than those (z ≃ 2 − 4) probed by the active galactic nuclei and galaxy clusters that produce the X-ray background.…”

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confidence: 99%

THECOSMICMICROWAVEBACKGROUND ANDPARTICLEPHYSICS

Kamionkowski

Kosowsky

1999

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

162

146

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In forthcoming years, connections between cosmology and particle physics will become increasingly important with the advent of a new generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Here, we review a number of these links. Our primary focus is on new CMB tests of inflation. We explain how the inflationary predictions for the geometry of the Universe and primordial density perturbations will be tested by CMB temperature fluctuations, and how the gravitational waves predicted by inflation can be pursued with the CMB polarization. The CMB signatures of topological defects and primordial magnetic fields from cosmological phase transitions are also discussed. Furthermore, we review current and future CMB constraints on various types of dark matter (e.g. massive neutrinos, weakly interacting massive particles, axions, vacuum energy), decaying particles, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, exotic cosmological topologies, and other new physics.

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North Pacific Guyots

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Natural inflation: Particle physics models, power-law spectra for large-scale structure, and constraints from the Cosmic Background Explorer

Natural inflation: Particle physics models, power-law spectra for large-scale structure, and constraints from the Cosmic Background Explorer

Island Edifice Failures and Associated Tsunami Hazards

THECOSMICMICROWAVEBACKGROUND ANDPARTICLEPHYSICS

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