North Korea's Internet strategy and its political implications

Turning the Virtual Tables: Government Strategies for Addressing Online Opposition with an Application to Russia

“…A step removed from this extreme approach -albeit still with non-trivial costs -is the highly sophisticated Chinese "Great Firewall", probably the best example of blocking sensitive information without fatally hurting either government communications or commercial activity (Economist 2013). Country experts anticipate that even North Korea will eventually take the Chinese and Cuban path of establishing 'such a 'Mosquito-Net" model of internet access, which facilitates the"use [of] the Internet as a propaganda machine in addition to taking advantage of it economically, [...] while keeping out information deemed threatening by the regime" (Chen, Ko, and Lee 2010; see also Ko, Lee, and Jang 2009).…”

Authoritarianism Online: What Can We Learn from Internet Data in Nondemocracies?

“…An estimated 50,000 privileged citizens have access to a domestic Intranet controlled by the Korean Computer Center ("How Widespread" 2012). Called Kwangmyong, it came online in 2000 and offers a search engine, technical texts, a message/ chat function, and official news to the select group who can access approved content (Chen, Ko, and Lee 2010;"Weird But Wired" 2007). Internet access is reserved for a handful of trusted elites, estimated by one expert to be no more than a few dozen families (Bruce 2012a(Bruce , 2012b.…”

Sovereignty, Cyberspace, and the Emergence of Internet Bubbles

“…18 The characteristics and associated benefits of cyber tactics make them very attractive for use by states and even terror groups alike. 19 Sovereignty, Cyberspace, and the Emergence of Internet Bubbles…”