North Atlantic Wind Waves and Wind Stress Fields from Voluntary Observing Ship Data

Gulev, Sergey; Hasse, Lutz

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1107:nawwaw>2.0.co;2

Cited by 67 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…These data must be independently evaluated to produce good quality products. For example, North Atlantic and global wave climatologies (Gulev and Hasse, 1998;Gulev et al, 2003), and global distributions of total cloud cover and cloud-type amounts over the ocean have been derived (Warren et al, 1988) from ICOADS.…”

Section: Associated Products and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICOADS release 2.1 data and products

Worley

Woodruff

Reynolds

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Climatology

358

320

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The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), release 2.1 , is the largest available set of in situ marine observations. Observations from ships include instrument measurements and visual estimates, and data from moored and drifting buoys are exclusively instrumental. The ICOADS collection is constructed from many diverse data sources, and made inhomogeneous by the changes in observing systems and recording practices used throughout the period of record, which is over two centuries. Nevertheless, it is a key reference data set that documents the long-term environmental state, provides input to a variety of critical climate and other research applications, and serves as a basis for many associated products and analyses.The observational database is augmented with higher level ICOADS data products. The observed data are synthesized to products by computing statistical summaries, on a monthly basis, for samples within 2°latitude × 2°longitude and 1°× 1°boxes beginning in 1800 and 1960 respectively. For each resolution the summaries are computed using two different data mixtures and quality control criteria. This partially controls and contrasts the effects of changing observing systems and accounts for periods with greater climate variability. The ICOADS observations and products are freely distributed worldwide.The standard ICOADS release is supplemented in several ways; additional summaries are produced using experimental quality control, additional observations are made available in advance of their formal blending into a release, and metadata that define recent ships' physical characteristics and instruments are available.

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Section: Associated Products and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICOADS release 2.1 data and products

Worley

Woodruff

Reynolds

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Climatology

358

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, only 40-60% of the total number of reports includes wave information (Gulev and Hasse, 1998).…”

Section: O L U N Ta R Y O B S E R V I N G S H I P S P R O G R a Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Analysis of the Main Routes of Voluntary Observing Ships in the North Atlantic

Vettor

Soares

2014

J. Navigation

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The main routes of ships voluntarily completing meteorological observations across the North Atlantic are detected by the intensity of the geographical distribution of the voluntary ship observations. The routes are then analysed in order to assess the relative intensity of traffic, the seasonal changes and the trend over the years. This paper will provide a better understanding of the North Atlantic trades and the relationship among the different routes, allowing the identification of the busiest areas. A discussion over the impact of routing on the weather that a transoceanic ship can experience during its life is also provided. K E Y WO R D S1. Ship routes.

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“…In the visual field, Laing (1985) compared shipreported wave heights with measurements and concluded that the reported data captured the physical characteristics of wave fields well and thus can be useful in climatological studies. Gulev and Hasse (1998) and Gulev et al (2003) derived North Atlantic (NA) and global wave climatology studies from ICOADS observations. Generally speaking, the accuracy of individual ship observations is not consistently high, but they remain an important source of gross information over oceans (e.g., Kent et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Climate Associated with Major Shipping Routes in the North Pacific and North Atlantic

Chen¹,

Tan²,

Hsieh³

et al. 2014

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The major shipping routes in the North Pacific (NP) and North Atlantic (NA) are analyzed via ship-reported records compiled by the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). The shipping route seasonal characteristics and associated climatic features are also examined. In the NP, the dominant cross-basin route takes a great-circle path between East Asia and North America along 54°N north of the Aleutian Islands throughout the year. This route penetrates the Aleutian low center where ocean waves and winds are relatively weaker than those in the low's southern section south of 50°N. Moreover, the Earth's spherical shape makes a higher-latitude route shorter in navigational distance across the NP than a lower-latitude route. Two additional mid-latitude routes through the 40° -50°N region appear in summer when the Aleutian low vanishes. In the NA, the major shipping routes form an X-shaped pattern in the oceans south of 40°N to connect North America/the Panama Canal and the Mediterranean Sea/the British Isles and Europe. These major shipping routes are far from the influence of the Icelandic low and thus are used throughout the year due to the stability in marine conditions and their general efficiency. A third and more zonal route appears to the north of the X-shaped routes in the 40° -50°N region. Weak influence from the Icelandic low on marine conditions during summer and spring means that more ships take this route in summer and spring than in winter and fall.

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North Atlantic Wind Waves and Wind Stress Fields from Voluntary Observing Ship Data

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

ICOADS release 2.1 data and products

ICOADS release 2.1 data and products

Detection and Analysis of the Main Routes of Voluntary Observing Ships in the North Atlantic

Seasonal Climate Associated with Major Shipping Routes in the North Pacific and North Atlantic

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