North Atlantic Deepwater Temperature Change During Late Pliocene and Late Quaternary Climatic Cycles

The middle Pleistocene transition: characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in atmospheric pCO2

“…1b (Ruddiman et al, 1989), it seems likely that NADW and much of the deep-ocean throughout the world cooled as well. In support of this, Dwyer et al (1995) (Fig. 3a).…”

“…The Dwyer et al (1995) (Schrag et al, 1996(Schrag et al, , 2002) leaves a residual 0.65 per mil signal in the LR04 stack (Fig. 1b) In summary, both ice-volume and deep-water temperature contributions to the LR04 stack likely changed across the MPT, with an increase in ice volume accompanied by a decrease in deep-water temperatures.…”

The role of North Brazil Current transport in the paleoclimate of the Brazilian Nordeste margin and paleoceanography of the western tropical Atlantic during the late Quaternary

“…Ice volume has a significant influence on both δ 18 Osw and salinity (e.g., Dwyer et al, 1995). After accounting for the influence on isotopic composition of both temperature-dependent fractionation and ice volume (Bintanja et al, 2005), the residual, ice volume-corrected δ 18 Oswivc serves as a proxy for local SSS.…”

Population ecology and shell chemistry of a phytal ostracode species (Loxoconcha matagordensis) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed

“…Carapaces were then rinsed four times with deionized water, with the final two rinses under gentle sonication. One valve per carapace was dissolved for 24 h in 3 ml of 0.05 N nitric acid and analyzed for magnesium, calcium, strontium and sodium (not addressed in this paper) using a Spectrascan 7 direct current plasma (DCP) emission spectrometer at Duke University (Dwyer et al 1995). Replicate analyses of samples and standards yielded an analytical precision of F3% and a limestone standard (Duke PE3) yielded a Mg/ Ca reading of 8.40 mmol/mol and a Sr/Ca reading of 7.82 mmol/mol.…”

“…The chemical composition of ostracode shells has become an important tool in paleoenvironmental reconstruction of both lake (Chivas et al, 1986;Xia et al, 1997;Wansard et al, 1998;Ito et al 2003) and marine systems (Dwyer et al, 1995;Corrège and De Deckker, 1997). Ostracodes are microcrustaceans that have bivalve shells comprised of the mineral calcite (CaCO 3 ) and chitin.…”