North American Elk Bugle Vocalizations: Male and Female Bugle Call Structure and Context

Feighny, J. A.; Williamson, Kurt E.; Clarke, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1644/06-mamm-a-079r2.1

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6. This provides additional support to a hypothesis of forced airflow through a narrow, highly tensed larynx and vocal tract as a wapiti, which also produce mainly single high-pitched long bugles (Nikol skii et al, 1979;Feighny et al, 2006). The duration of bugles of the Siberian wapiti from Altai is usually more than 2 3 s, and the maximum f0 reaches 1.50 kHz (Nikol skii et al, 1979;Nikol skii, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The duration of bugles of the Siberian wapiti from Altai is usually more than 2 3 s, and the maximum f0 reaches 1.50 kHz (Nikol skii et al, 1979;Nikol skii, 2011). The maximum f0 of Canadian wapiti exceeds 2 kHz, and the duration is 2.4 2.9 s (Struhsaker, 1968;Feighny et al, 2006), whereas the maximum f0 of male Roosevelt wapiti rutting bugles exceeds 1.5 kHz (Bowyer & Kitchen, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…European red deer stags produce low-pitched roars with fundamental frequency (f0) ranges from 40 to 380 Hz: Corsican C. e. corsicanus Erxleben, 1777 (mean f0 = 40 Hz: Kidjo et al, 2008); Scottish C. e. scoticus Lonnbert, 1906 (mean f0 = 107 174 Hz: Long et al, 1998;Reby & McComb, 2003); Iberian C. e. hispanicus Hilzheimer, 1909 (mean f0 = 180 186 Hz: Frey et al, 2012;Passilongo et al, 2013); C. e. hippelaphus Erxleben, 1777 (maximum f0 = 273 Hz: Bocci et al, 2013). In contrast, the available data for American and Siberian wapiti suggest produce high-pitched bugles with an f0 above 1000 Hz: Siberian wapiti from Altai C. e. sibiricus (Nikol skii, 2011); Canadian wapiti C. e. canadensis (Struhsaker, 1968); Roosevelt wapiti C. e. roosevelti Merrian, 1897 (Bowyer & Kitchen, 1987), Tule wapiti C. e. nannodes Merriam, 1905(Volodin et al, 2013 and Rocky Mountain wapiti C. e. nelsoni Bailey, 1935 (Feighny et al, 2006;Frey & Riede, 2013). Bactrian stags C. e. bactrianus Lydekker, 1900, living today in the area of origin of C. elaphus in Central Asia (Heptner et al, 1961;Mahmut et al, 2002;Ludt et al, 2004), produce both a low and a high f0, either singly or simultaneously (Nikol skii, 1975;Volodin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The puzzle of vocal diversity of wapiti is especially incomplete, and acoustic variation has been considered in some detail only for Canadian wapiti (Feighny et al, 2006). In this context, the study of Siberian wapiti is promising, as their rutting vocalization can be expected to be intermediate in acoustic structure between Bactrian and American subspecies and, at the same time, to differ strongly from those of European subspecies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vocal activity and acoustic structure of the rutting calls of Siberian wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) and their imitation with a hunting luring instrument

Volodin¹,

Volodina²,

Frey³

et al. 2013

Rus.J.Theriol.

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ABSTRACT. This study on Siberian wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) provides data on rutting vocal activity (bugles per hour), collected using four synchronized automated recording systems in natural habitats in the Western Sayan Mountains (Russia). Also, this study provides first comparison of naturally produced male bugles with their imitation using a traditional hunting technique of blowing into a hollow pipe with a mouthpiece. Stag vocal activity weakly negatively correlated to air temperature and ceased completely during three very cold days with snowfall. Stag bugles (n = 153) were high-pitched, with an average maximum fundamental frequency (f0) of 1.23±0.21 kHz, a minimum f0 of 0.29±0.05 kHz and a duration of 3.07±0.52 s. Hind alarm barks (n = 12) were significantly lower in maximum f0 = 0.93±0.08 kHz, significantly higher in minimum f0 = 0.34±0.06 kHz and much shorter (0.20±0.03 s) compared to male bugles. Male bugles were similar in the acoustic structure with their imitations, produced by a human using a luring wind instrument (n = 27), what provides a support to the hypothesis of forced airflow through a narrow, highly tensed larynx and vocal tract as a production mechanism of the extremely high-pitched bugles of wapiti.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vocal activity and acoustic structure of the rutting calls of Siberian wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) and their imitation with a hunting luring instrument

Volodin¹,

Volodina²,

Frey³

et al. 2013

Rus.J.Theriol.

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“…Similarly, in North American Elk or Wapiti (Cervus e. nelsoni), the very strong sexual dimorphism in body size does not translate into vocal fold length dimorphism (Riede & Titze 2008), nor is it associated with F0 dimorphism (Feighny et al 2006). This is in stark contrast to Fallow deer (Dama dama) and Corsican deer (another subspecies of red deer, C. elaphus corsicanus), in which a comparably pronounced sexual dimorphism in body size is reflected in an extreme sexual dimorphism in F0 (Reby & McComb 2003b;Kidjo et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oestrous red deer hinds prefer male roars with higher fundamental frequencies

et al. 2010

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Across vertebrates, the observation that lower-pitched vocalizations are typically associated with larger and/or higher quality males has lead to the widespread belief that inter-and intra-sexual selection will produce male calls with low fundamental frequencies (F0). Here we investigated the response of oestrous red deer hinds to playback of re-synthesized male roars characterized by either higher than average or lower than average F0. We found that hinds prefer higher rather than lower 'pitched' roars, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of such a bias in nonhuman mammals. Our findings can be interpreted in relation to previous observations that the minimum F0 of roars is positively correlated with male reproductive success in free-ranging red deer stags, and that across Cervids the F0 of male mating calls shows extreme variability. Females showing preferences for higher-pitched roars might derive genetic benefits through more competitive male offspring. Our results emphasize the need for further investigations of female preferences in mammals in order to better understand the extreme variation of F0 values observed in male sexual calls.

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Behavioral responses of mantled howler monkeys to neighbor long‐distance vocalizations

Lastra

Rangel‐Negrín

Dias

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesLong‐distance vocalizations are used by primates in a variety of contexts and may have different functions. The long‐distance vocalizations of howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) underlie the spatial regulation of neighboring groups and could be associated with the defense of food resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that the behavioral responses of mantled howler monkeys (A. palliata) to neighbor long‐distance vocalizations are influenced by the potential for range defensibility while accounting for location within the home range and food availability.MethodsWe studied two groups for 13 months and a total of 888 h at La Flor de Catemaco (Mexico). Group 1 had a 92‐ha home range and Group 2 had a 24‐ha home range. We recorded vocalizations (N = 178 calls) and movements (N = 74 movements) of focal groups following long‐distance vocalizations produced by their neighbors.ResultsMovement responses, but not vocal responses, were predicted by range defensibility, location, and food availability. As predicted, the group living in the smaller and more defendable range showed stronger movement responses than the group in the larger home range. These movement responses had a shorter latency and longer duration in more valuable spatial and temporal contexts (i.e., the core area and during periods of low food availability).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the tradeoff between the costs and benefits of range defense varies according to the interactions between home range size and both the spatial (core areas) and temporal (food availability) abundance of resources. Thus, the responses of mantled howler monkeys to neighbor long‐distance vocalizations could be related to home range defensibility.

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North American Elk Bugle Vocalizations: Male and Female Bugle Call Structure and Context

Cited by 61 publications

References 20 publications

Vocal activity and acoustic structure of the rutting calls of Siberian wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) and their imitation with a hunting luring instrument

Vocal activity and acoustic structure of the rutting calls of Siberian wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) and their imitation with a hunting luring instrument

Oestrous red deer hinds prefer male roars with higher fundamental frequencies

Behavioral responses of mantled howler monkeys to neighbor long‐distance vocalizations

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