Norrisiella sphaerica gen. et sp. nov., a new coccoid chlorarachniophyte from Baja California, Mexico

Ota, Shuhei; Ueda, Kazumitsu; Ishida, Koichi

doi:10.1007/s10265-007-0115-y

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The projecting pryrenoids of chlorarachniophyte plastids have a remarkable morphological diversity in membrane invaginations among genera, which is utilized for their taxonomy. The pyrenoids of Bigelowiella and Norrisiella have a shallow invagination of the two innermost plastid membrane (the depth is less than half the pyrenoid’s height) [ 50 ], whereas Lotharella , Amorphochlora , and Chlorarachnion pyrenoids possess a deep invagination that reaches the plastid stroma [ 51 ]. It is expected that variable degrees of Z ring constriction might cause the morphological diversity of chlorarachniophyte plastids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective function of FtsZ proteins in the secondary plastid of chlorarachniophyte algae

Hirakawa

Ishida

2015

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundDivision of double-membraned plastids (primary plastids) is performed by constriction of a ring-like division complex consisting of multiple plastid division proteins. Consistent with the endosymbiotic origin of primary plastids, some of the plastid division proteins are descended from cyanobacterial cell division machinery, and the others are of host origin. In several algal lineages, complex plastids, the “secondary plastids”, have been acquired by the endosymbiotic uptake of primary plastid-bearing algae, and are surrounded by three or four membranes. Although homologous genes for primary plastid division proteins have been found in genome sequences of secondary plastid-bearing organisms, little is known about the function of these proteins or the mechanism of secondary plastid division.ResultsTo gain insight into the mechanism of secondary plastid division, we characterized two plastid division proteins, FtsZD-1 and FtsZD-2, in chlorarachniophyte algae. FtsZ homologs were encoded by the nuclear genomes and carried an N-terminal plastid targeting signal. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that both FtsZD-1 and FtsZD-2 formed a ring-like structure at the midpoint of bilobate plastids with a projecting pyrenoid in Bigelowiella natans. The ring was always associated with a shallow plate-like invagination of the two innermost plastid membranes. Furthermore, gene expression analysis confirmed that transcripts of ftsZD genes were periodically increased soon after cell division during the B. natans cell cycle, which is not consistent with the timing of plastid division.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that chlorarachniophyte FtsZD proteins are involved in partial constriction of the inner pair of plastid membranes, but not in the whole process of plastid division. It is uncertain how the outer pair of plastid membranes is constricted, and as-yet-unknown mechanism is required for the secondary plastid division in chlorarachniophytes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0662-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective function of FtsZ proteins in the secondary plastid of chlorarachniophyte algae

Hirakawa

Ishida

2015

BMC Plant Biol

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“…This would represent another example of evolutionary convergence at the molecular level between the chlorarachniophyte and cryptophyte nucleomorphs. However, in order to verify this it will be necessary to determine the operon arrangement in many more cryptophytes, and in the chlorarachniophytes Norrisiella sphaerica (strain BC52), which is specifically related to B. natans and its sister species and strains (Ishida et al 1999; Ota, Ueda, and Ishida 2007; Silver et al 2007), L. amoebiformis , and the newly characterized Partenskyella glossopodia RCC365 (Ota et al 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleomorph Ribosomal DNA and Telomere Dynamics in Chlorarachniophyte Algae

Silver

Moore

Archibald

2010

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Chlorarachniophytes are enigmatic marine unicellular algae that acquired photosynthesis by secondary endosymbiosis. Chlorarachniophytes are unusual in that the nucleus of the engulfed algal cell (a green alga) persists in a miniaturized form, termed a nucleomorph. The nucleomorph genome of the model chlorarachniophyte, Bigelowiella natans CCMP621, is 373 kilobase pairs (kbp) in size, the smallest nuclear genome characterized to date. The B. natans nucleomorph genome is composed of three chromosomes, each with canonical eukaryotic telomeres and sub-telomeric ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operons transcribed away from the chromosome end. Here we present the complete rDNA operon and telomeric region from the nucleomorph genome of Lotharella oceanica CCMP622, a newly characterized chlorarachniophyte strain with a genome ∼610 kbp in size, significantly larger than all other known chlorarachniophytes. We show that the L. oceanica rDNA operon is in the opposite chromosomal orientation to that of B. natans. Furthermore, we determined the rDNA operon orientation of five additional chlorarachniophyte strains, the majority of which possess the same arrangement as L. oceanica, with the exception of Chlorarachnion reptans and those very closely related to B. natans. It is thus possible that the ancestral rDNA operon orientation of the chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph genome might have been the same as in the independently evolved, red algal-derived, nucleomorph genomes of cryptophytes. A U2 small nuclear RNA gene was found adjacent to the telomere in Gymnochlora stellata CCMP2057 and Chlorarachnion sp. CCMP2014. This feature may represent a useful evolutionary character for inferring the relationships among extant lineages.

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“…Se han reconocido solamente 1-2 especies en el fitoplancton marino actual (Sournia, 1995;Simon et al, 2009), aunque se han citado 5 géneros y 9 especies (Ishida et al, 2007), y se han venido describiendo nuevos géneros y especies en los últimos años (Ota et al, 2007a(Ota et al, , 2009. La única especie reconocida para aguas mexicanas (Baja California Sur) es Norrisiella sphaerica (Ota et al, 2007b). De lo anterior, se anota la carencia de trabajos sobre este grupo y la urgencia de incrementar su conocimiento en el plazo inmediato.…”

Section: Diversidadunclassified

Biodiversidad de algas planctónicas marinas (Cyanobacteria, Prasinophyceae, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Parmophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, Dinoflagellata) en México

Hernández‐Becerril¹

2014

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad

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Norrisiella sphaerica gen. et sp. nov., a new coccoid chlorarachniophyte from Baja California, Mexico

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Prospective function of FtsZ proteins in the secondary plastid of chlorarachniophyte algae

Prospective function of FtsZ proteins in the secondary plastid of chlorarachniophyte algae

Nucleomorph Ribosomal DNA and Telomere Dynamics in Chlorarachniophyte Algae

Biodiversidad de algas planctónicas marinas (Cyanobacteria, Prasinophyceae, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Parmophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, Dinoflagellata) en México

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