Noroviruses: A comprehensive review

Patel, Manish; Hall, Aron J.; Vinjé, Jan; Parashar, Umesh D.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.009

Cited by 668 publications

(575 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Although NoV gastroenteritis is generally mild and short-lasting, severe illness and complications can occur in the elderly, in children, and in immunocompromised individuals [16,17]. Recombinant expression of the major capsid protein VP1 results in VLPs that are morphologically similar to the infective virion [18], and the crystal structure of the capsid is known (PDB ID:1IHM) [19], which is essential for the establishment of modification procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display

Koho

Ihalainen

Stark

et al. 2015

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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In addition to vaccines, noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the viral capsid show an attractive possibility of presenting immunogenic epitopes or targeting molecules on their surface.Here, functionalization of norovirus-derived VLPs by simple non-covalent conjugation of various molecules is shown. By using the affinity between a surface-exposed polyhistidine-tag and multivalent tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (trisNTA), fluorescent dye molecules and streptavidin-biotin conjugated to trisNTA are displayed on the VLPs to demonstrate the use of these VLPs as easily modifiable nanocarriers as well as a versatile vaccine platform. The VLPs are able to enter and deliver surface-displayed fluorescent dye into HEK293T cells via a surface-attached cell internalization peptide (VSV-G). The ease of manufacturing, the robust structure of these VLPs, and the straightforward conjugation provide a technology, which can be adapted to various applications in biomedicine. Manuscript Click here to view linked References

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display

Koho

Ihalainen

Stark

et al. 2015

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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“…Porcine strains and a strain from lions are grouped in GII (Martella et al 2007) while a strain from a dog was identified in GIV (Martella et al 2008). Norovirus GII is detected more frequently than GI (Patel et al 2009;Vega et al 2013), though GI has been associated with outbreaks of waterborne gastroenteritis in Sweden (Nenonen et al 2012). On the basis of >85% sequence similarity in the complete VP1 gene, NoVs can further be classified into genotypes, with at least 9 genotypes within GI and 22 genotypes in GII (Green 2013;Kroneman et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

et al. 2014

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In this study the prevalence and genotypes of NoVs in selected water sources from rural, urban and refugee settings in Kenya was investigated. Ten liters each of river, household and borehole water were collected in rural (Mboone river), urban (Nairobi and Mutoine river), and refugee (Dadaab refugee camp) settings. Noroviruses were recovered from the water samples by a glass wool adsorption-elution technique and/or PEG/NaCl precipitation.Nucleic acid was extracted using the automated MagNA Pure platform. Noroviruses were detected with singleplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays and characterised by nucleotide sequence analysis. Noroviruses were detected in 63% (25/40) of the selected water samples comprising GII (42.5%), GI (2.5%) and mixed GI/GII (17.5%) positive samples. The prevalence of NoVs in the Mutoine river (urban area) was higher than in the Mboone river (rural area) (P=0.0013). Norovirus GI.1, GI.3, GI.9, GII.4, GII.6, GII.12, GII.16 and GII.17 were identified, with GII.17 accounting for 76% (16/21) of the typed strains. The NoV GII.17 predominance differs to other studies in Africa and further surveillance of NoVs in clinical and environmental settings is required to clarify/elucidate this observation. As information regarding NoVs in Kenyan water sources is limited this report provides valuable new data on NoV genotypes circulating in environmental water sources and the surrounding communities in Kenya.

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“…The scarce number of seroprevalence studies reveal that antibodies to NoV are detected during the first 2 y of age. 3 It was suggested that children in the developing countries can exhibit higher prevalence of antibodies directed against NoV as compared to developed countries due to early exposure, even though inconsistently. Previous studies indicated that infection with enteric viruses including NoV is significantly associated with early age [46][47][48] and consequently early exposure leads to development of immunity against the virus.…”

Section: Viral Shedding Natural Infection With Nov and Seroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Recent reviews of the literature on community, outpatient and hospital-based studies in developing and developed countries report that NoV gastroenteritis account for 10-15 % of severe cases in children less than 5 y of age and 9-15% of mild to moderate diarrhea among individuals of all ages. 3,4 NoV is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States. Each year, it causes 19-21 million illnesses and results in 56,000-71,000 hospitalizations and 570-800 deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI-GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.

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Noroviruses: A comprehensive review

Cited by 668 publications

References 97 publications

His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display

His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

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