Norovirus in Bottled Water Associated with Gastroenteritis Outbreak, Spain, 2016

Blanco, Albert; Guix, Susana; Fuster, Noemí; Fuentes, Cristina; Bartolomé, Rosa; Cornejo, Thais; Pintó, Rosa M.; Bosch, Albert

doi:10.3201/eid2309.161489

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…However, the number of virus genome copies detected by RT-qPCR does not always correlate with the number of infectious virus particles (Butot et al, 2008;Hewitt and Greening, 2004), and it is important to consider that the infectious risk associated with the levels of HuNoVs in oysters, as determined by RT-qPCR, may be overestimated. Therefore, the use of strategies to remove the RNA from inactivated viruses will improve the risk associated with water and food samples (Blanco, Guix, Fuster, Fuentes, Bartolome, et al, 2017;Randazzo et al, 2016b) .…”

Section: Efficiency Of the Pmaxx Pretreatment On Artificially Inoculamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMA or EMA) to penetrate only damaged or altered capsids and intercalate covalently into a viral genome after exposure to strong visible light, thus interfering with PCR amplification. Interestingly, this approach proved to reduce RT-qPCR signals for damaged enteric viruses in naturally contaminated water samples (Blanco, Guix, Fuster, Fuentes, Bartolomé, et al, 2017;Falco et al, 2017;Fuster et al, 2016;Prevost et al, 2016;Randazzo et al, 2016a). Moreover, Moreno et al (2015) applied PMA pretreatments to detect infectious hepatitis A virus (HAV) in vegetable and shellfish samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of PMAxx pretreatment to distinguish between human norovirus with intact and altered capsids in shellfish and sewage samples

Randazzo

Khezri

Ollivier

et al. 2018

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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Shellfish contamination by human noroviruses (HuNoVs) is a serious health and economic problem. Recently an ISO procedure based on RT-qPCR for the quantitative detection of HuNoVs in shellfish has been issued, but these procedures cannot discriminate between inactivated and potentially infectious viruses. The aim of the present study was to optimize a pretreatment using PMAxx to better discriminate between intact and heat-treated HuNoVs in shellfish and sewage. To this end, the optimal conditions (30min incubation with 100μM of PMAxx and 0.5% of Triton, and double photoactivation) were applied to mussels, oysters and cockles artificially inoculated with thermally-inactivated (99°C for 5min) HuNoV GI and GII. This pretreatment reduced the signal of thermally-inactivated HuNoV GI in cockles and HuNoV GII in mussels by >3 log. Additionally, this pretreatment reduced the signal of thermally-inactivated HuNoV GI and GII between 1 and 1.5 log in oysters. Thermal inactivation of HuNoV GI and GII in PBS, sewage and bioaccumulated oysters was also evaluated by the PMAxx-Triton pretreatment. Results showed significant differences between reductions observed in the control and PMAxx-treated samples in PBS following treatment at 72 and 95°C for 15min. In sewage, the RT-qPCR signal of HuNoV GI was completely removed by the PMAxx pretreatment after heating at 72 and 95°C, while the RT-qPCR signal for HuNoV GII was completely eliminated only at 95°C. Finally, the PMAxx-Triton pretreatment was applied to naturally contaminated sewage and oysters, resulting in most of the HuNoV genomes quantified in sewage and oyster samples (12 out of 17) corresponding to undamaged capsids. Although this procedure may still overestimate infectivity, the PMAxx-Triton pretreatment represents a step forward to better interpret the quantification of intact HuNoVs in complex matrices, such as sewage and shellfish, and it could certainly be included in the procedures based on RT-qPCR.

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Section: Efficiency Of the Pmaxx Pretreatment On Artificially Inoculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of PMAxx pretreatment to distinguish between human norovirus with intact and altered capsids in shellfish and sewage samples

Randazzo

Khezri

Ollivier

et al. 2018

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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“…Positively charged oil-coated sodocalcic glass wool is a low-cost alternative for the concentration of different types of viruses in water without requiring any preconditioning of the sample (Gantzer et al 1997;Lambertini et al 2008;Kiulia et al 2010;Sano et al 2011;Pérez-Sautu et al 2012;Blanco et al 2017). Upon autoclaving, used glass wool may be readily disposed as recyclable waste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positively charged glass wool filtration has been successfully employed for the concentration of non-enveloped viruses from water (Pérez-Sautu et al 2012;Sano et al 2011;Blanco et al 2017). The aim of this study was to develop a procedure based on glass wool filtration for the recovery of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses from large volumes of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Wool Concentration Optimization for the Detection of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Waterborne Viruses

et al. 2019

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An extremely affordable virus concentration method based on adsorption-elution to glass wool and subsequent reconcentration through polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) precipitation was optimized to recover not only non-enveloped viruses but also enveloped viruses. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were employed as surrogates for naked and enveloped viruses, respectively, to set up the methodology. Initial experimentation in small-volume samples showed that both types of particles readily adsorbed to the positively charged glass wool but were poorly detached from it through standard elution with 0.05 M glycine with 3% of beef extract buffer, pH 9.5, with elution efficiencies of 7.2% and 2.6%, for HAV and TGEV, respectively. To improve the recovery of enveloped viruses, several modifications in the elution were assayed: increasing the elution pH, extending glass wool and eluent contact time, adding a detergent, or performing the elution by recirculation or under agitation. Considering practicability and performance, recircularization of the eluent at pH 11.0 for 20 min was the elution procedure of choice, with efficiencies of 25.7% and 18.8% for HAV and TGEV in 50 L of water. Additionally, employing 20% PEG instead of 10% for virus reconcentration improved recoveries up to 47% and 51%, respectively. The optimized procedure was applied to detect naturally occurring HAV and coronaviruses in surface water of Wadi Hanifa, Riyadh. HAV was detected in 38% of the samples, while one sample was positive for an alphacoronavirus. This cheap virus detection system enables the comprehensive surveillance of viruses present in water samples.

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“…ОГЭ приводит к 1,45 млн ежегодных смертей во всем мире. В последнее десятилетие в различных регионах все чаще регистрируются массовые вспышки и даже эпидемии ОГЭ, ведущая этиологическая роль в которых принадлежит вирусным агентам [2,3]. Доля вирусных ОГЭ в структуре острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) в разных странах варьирует от 20 до 70% [4,5], в РФ в 2016 г. она составила 55,6% от числа ОКИ с верифицированной этиологией [6].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Norovirus Infection (Systematic Review)

Хохлова¹,

Капустин²,

Краснова³

et al. 2018

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Резюме Доля норовирусной инфекции составляет 17-20% всех случаев острого гастроэнтерита в мире. Доминирующая II геногруппа норовирусов характеризуется быстрой изменчивостью. Новый рекомбинантный норовирус GII.P16-GII.2 вызвал резкий рост случаев гастроэнтерита в странах Азии и Европы в зимний сезон 2016-2017 гг. Эпидемиологическими особенностями норовирусной инфекции являются длительное выделение возбудителя из организма больных и вирусовыделителей, особенно у лиц с иммуносупрессией, реализация различных путей передачи (пищевого, водного, контактно-бытового, аэрозольного), высокая контагиозность, зимняя сезонность в странах северного полушария. В последние годы созданы две человеческие системы для культивирования норовирусов in vitro, установлен двойной тропизм норовирусов к иммунным клеткам и эпителиальным клеткам кишечника, изучается жизненный цикл норовирусов. Микробиота и ее члены могут быть либо протективными, либо стимулирующими для норовирусной инфекции. Lactobacillus могут играть защитную роль против норовирусной инфекции. Доказано существование хронической норовирусной инфекции длительностью от нескольких месяцев до нескольких лет, особенно у пациентов с иммунодефицитом. Тяжелая форма норовирусной инфекции и летальные исходы чаще регистрируются у детей младшего возраста, пожилых, пациентов с коморбидностью и иммунокомпроментированных лиц. Клиническая картина норовирусного гастроэнтерита во многом сходна с другими вирусными гастроэнтеритами, что определяет необходимость лабораторной верификации диагноза. Метод полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией получил наибольшее распространение в мире для диагностики инфекции у пациентов и для обнаружения вируса в пищевых продуктах и объектах окружающей среды. До сих пор нет одобренных вакцин и антивирусных препаратов против этой инфекции. Рекомендуемые терапевтические вмешательства, наряду с регидратацией гипоосмолярными растворами, включают назначение специфических пробиотиков, таких как Lactobacillus GG или Saccharomyces boulardii, диосмектит и рацекадотрил.

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Norovirus in Bottled Water Associated with Gastroenteritis Outbreak, Spain, 2016

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Optimization of PMAxx pretreatment to distinguish between human norovirus with intact and altered capsids in shellfish and sewage samples

Optimization of PMAxx pretreatment to distinguish between human norovirus with intact and altered capsids in shellfish and sewage samples

Glass Wool Concentration Optimization for the Detection of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Waterborne Viruses

Norovirus Infection (Systematic Review)

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