Norovirus Illnesses in Children and Adolescents

Shah, Minesh; Hall, Aron J.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.11.004

Cited by 75 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence was more or less similar to previous studies [16,17]. This finding supports the hypothesis that norovirus is a wide-spread virus that affects both young children and adolescents in developing countries [18]. The predominant genotype was GII detected in 80.97%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis

Zaki¹,

Eid²,

Ashry³

et al. 2019

TOMICROJ

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Aim: The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of norovirus and genotypes determination by real-time PCR among children below 18 years as an etiology of acute gastroenteritis and to compare rapid detection of norovirus by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) to virus detection by real-time PCR. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study conducted on children below 18 years complaining of community-acquired acute gastroenteritis. A stool sample was subjected to direct-antigen detection by ELISA for norovirus and molecular study by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The study included 200 children with acute gastroenteritis with a mean age of 6.7±3.8 years. Norovirus antigen was detected by EIA in 34.5% and by real-time PCR in 30.5% of studied children with genotype GII, the predominant detected genotype (80.97%). Both real-time PCR and antigen detection of norovirus were positive in 43 (70.5%) of the children and negative in 113(81.3%) of the studied children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for antigen detection by ELISA were 70.5%, 81.3%, 62.3%, 86.3% and 78%, respectively. Comparison between patients positive for norovirus and those negative for norovirus by real-time PCR revealed non-significant difference as regards age, sex, the season of occurrence and residence. Conclusion: The present study highlights that norovirus prevalence is common among pediatric patients with gastroenteritis above 5 years with GII genotype as the prevalent genotype. There was a significant correlation between positive and negative results of antigen detection of norovirus by ELISA and detection of RNA of norovirus by real-time PCR in stool samples. However, the screening for norovirus by ELISA has limited sensitivity and needs to be associated with a molecular method for accurate diagnosis of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis

Zaki¹,

Eid²,

Ashry³

et al. 2019

TOMICROJ

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“…Norovirus is responsible for 20 million illnesses annually in the United States, including approximately 2 million outpatient visits, and is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups [1]. The burden of disease is substantial; children <5 years of age have the highest rates of norovirus-associated medical visits [2], while older adults are at greatest risk for norovirus-associated deaths [3,4]. Several candidate vaccines are currently in clinical trials, including an oral tablet vaccine that recently reported phase I results from a bivalent GI.1/GII.4 formulation in adults, as well as a bivalent GI.1/GII.4 consensus sequence virus-like particle intramuscular vaccine candidate that has conducted phase II trials in children, adults, and the elderly [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary care physician knowledge, attitudes, and diagnostic testing practices for norovirus and acute gastroenteritis

et al. 2020

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“…Norovirus (Norovirus), a member of the Caliciviridae family, is a highly contagious virus with a low infection dose of approximately 20 virus particles [1][2][3]. Norovirus can be divided into 10 genogroups [4], and GII, GI and GIV can cause human infection [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of the ‘bud event of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis’ in schools: does it work in the prevention of norovirus infection outbreaks in Shanghai?

Xue

et al. 2020

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Outbreaks of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis have been reported in schools in recent decades in China. For early warning and response to infectious disease outbreaks, the Shanghai Infectious Diseases Bud Event Surveillance System (IDBESS) was established in 2016. Bud event is a term used for the early sign of a potential infectious disease outbreak in public settings when the first few cases appear. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus-associated gastroenteritis bud events from June 2016 to December 2017 and to understand factors influencing the severity of events. Data were extracted from the IDBESS, supplemented by field investigations and school absence surveillance. In total, 189 bud events of Norovirus-associated gastroenteritis were reported in schools and kindergartens, affecting 3827 individuals and 52.38% happened in primary schools. The attack rate of Norovirus-associated gastroenteritis was 3.82% on average in students in the affected schools. In each event, case numbers varied between 5 and 148, with a median of 16. The duration of bud events lasted for 2 days on average. School absence happened in 47.93% (1797/3749) of affected students and the average duration of absence was 3.07 days. It was found that a longer delay before reporting was associated with a longer-lasting duration of bud event (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.65, 3.07). In conclusion, ascribed to the sensitive threshold for alerting and the timely field investigation, the surveillance of bud events of Norovirus-associated gastroenteritis is effective in the control of Norovirus infection among preschool children and students in Shanghai.

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Norovirus Illnesses in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 75 publications

References 89 publications

Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis

Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis

Primary care physician knowledge, attitudes, and diagnostic testing practices for norovirus and acute gastroenteritis

Surveillance of the ‘bud event of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis’ in schools: does it work in the prevention of norovirus infection outbreaks in Shanghai?

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