Norovirus GII-4 Causes a More Severe Gastroenteritis Than Other Noroviruses in Young Children

Huhti, Leena; Szakal, Evelin D.; Puustinen, Leena; Salminen, Marjo; Heini, Huhtala; Valve, Oona; Blazevic, Vesna; Vesikari, Timo

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir039

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, the multitude of young virus-positive patients suggested the possibility of primary infection in this study. A recent report suggested that GII/4 caused more severe disease than other NoV genotypes in cases of acute gastroenteritis in young children associated with primary infection [19]. In this study, 88 of the 119 sequenced strains (73.9%) were GII/4 strains in children ≤2 years of age; therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate care for severe symptoms.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 74%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Associated with Sporadic Gastroenteritis among Children from the 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 Season in Nara Prefecture, Japan

2013

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The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus (NoV) associated with sporadic gastroenteritis in regional populations of Nara Prefecture, Japan, from the 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 epidemic season. Fecal specimens of sporadic gastroenteritis collected between September 2006 and August 2012 in Nara Prefecture were examined for the presence of NoV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The NoV genotype was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. In total, 274 NoVs associated with sporadic gastroenteritis were identified. We detected 10 different NoV genotypes: GI/3, GI/4, GI/8, GII/2, GII/3, GII/4, GII/6, GII/7, GII/12, and GII/13. A high NoV detection rate of 35.9% was identified in 1-year-old children. Among the 274 NoV isolates, 142 were obtained from males and 131 were obtained from females (the source of one was unknown). The most prevalent genotype was GII/4, accounting for 117 of the 192 different NoVs identified by sequencing. More epidemiological data will be required to determine the epidemiological characteristics of NoVs in other areas of Japan.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 74%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Associated with Sporadic Gastroenteritis among Children from the 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 Season in Nara Prefecture, Japan

2013

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“…GII.4 strains have been reported to cause more severe illness [20,27] and a higher viral load in infected persons than other strains [28], which may lead to more frequent disease transmission. A higher environmental stability has also been discussed [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in Germany 2001–2009: eight seasons of routine surveillance

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYWe analysed data on laboratory or epidemiologically confirmed cases (n = 856 539) and on outbreaks (n = 31 644) notified during week 31 (2001) to week 30 (2009), and performed molecular typing of specimens from 665 outbreaks. We aimed at identifying demographic and molecular characteristics to inform on potential additional approaches to prevent disease spread in the population. The mean incidence by norovirus season (week 31 in one year to week 30 in the following year) was 130 (range 19-300) cases/100 000 population and was highest in persons aged <5 years (430/100 000) and 575 years (593/100 000). The proportion hospitalized in community-acquired cases was 8-19% per season. The mean norovirus-associated mortality was 0·05/100 000 per season and 0·5/100 000 in the 575 years age group. Most outbreaks with known setting (75%) occurred in hospitals (32%), nursing homes (28%), households (24%) and childcare facilities (10%). GII strains dominated in the outbreak specimens. GII.4 strains were found in 82% of nursing home outbreaks, 85% of hospital outbreaks, and 33% of childcare facility and school outbreaks. Cases in younger individuals were notified earlier during the season than adult cases, and outbreaks in childcare facilities and schools preceded those in nursing/residential homes, hospitals and private households. We suggest future studies to investigate more closely potential transmission patterns between children and adults.

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“…[13][14][15][16][17] Previous reports have shown that NoV GII strains are more likely to induce vomiting and severe diarrhea among children; similar observations were made in the current study. 18,19 A recent review that examined NoV outbreaks across the world showed an increase in NoV diarrhea. 20 This could be caused by the rapidity by which NoV has evolved that leads to distinct strains emerging every 2-4 years or wider availability of diagnostic tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Genogroup II Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children in South India

Menon

Sarkar

Moses

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The distribution of norovirus (NoV) genogroup II in children 5 years of age admitted to a south Indian hospital with diarrhea was investigated. Viral RNA extracted from 282 stool samples were screened for NoV GII and positive amplicons sequenced. Twenty-eight (9.9%) had NoV GII infection with a median age of 6 months, with more severe episodes of diarrhea among infected (median Vesikari score 13, interquartile range [IQR] 10-15) than children without infection (median score 10, IQR 8-13, P = 0.002). The study documents NoV GII infections as an important cause of gastroenteritis and the genetic diversity of circulating strains.

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Norovirus GII-4 Causes a More Severe Gastroenteritis Than Other Noroviruses in Young Children

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Associated with Sporadic Gastroenteritis among Children from the 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 Season in Nara Prefecture, Japan

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Associated with Sporadic Gastroenteritis among Children from the 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 Season in Nara Prefecture, Japan

Epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in Germany 2001–2009: eight seasons of routine surveillance

Norovirus Genogroup II Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children in South India

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