Norovirus antivirals: Where are we now?

Netzler, Natalie E.; Tuipulotu, Daniel Enosi; White, Peter A.

doi:10.1002/med.21545

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…For norovirus, the recent development of a cell culture system implies the opportunity to investigate antivirals. Several substances have been proposed as possible candidates, including ribavirin and nitazoxanide 207 . Therapeutic possibilities for norovirus could reduce the morbidity for HSCT patients, and other immunocompromised patients, with chronic norovirus infection.…”

Section: Treatment Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus is an infrequent but potentially serious infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Swartling

Nordén

Samuelsson

et al. 2020

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Gastrointestinal symptoms, and elevated liver enzymes, are common after HSCT, often due to drug toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or infections. It is essential to distinguish between GVHD and infection, since both conditions may progress to lethal disease, but require opposite strategies for the immunosuppressive treatment. Several of the viral gastrointestinal infections are easily transmitted and can cause outbreaks in health care facilities. Annika Allard för lärorikt samarbete i adenovirus-studien, och Annika Tiveljung, Mats Remberger och Mikael Sundin för samarbetet med första norovirus studien Rickard Nordén, Ebba Samuelsson, Helene Norder och Johan Westin för vårt samarbete, och allt ni lärt mig i samband med hepatit E studien Lennart Svensson och Johan Norgren, för ett roligt och bra samarbete med det senare norovirus-projektet Olle, Mona-Lisa, Mikael och Elda för vår fina gemenskap med kursen i pediatriska infektioner, och alla roliga kurs-utvärderingar hos Olle, till fantastiska måltider! Mina kollegor i "Opportunisterna" för våra väldigt trevliga möten (= terminens höjdpunkt) sedan minst 10 år tillbaka. Jag har lärt mig massor av er alla! Mina vänner, det går ofta lång tid mellan varven, men så glad att ni finns. Mina kära bröder Torbjörn, Gunnar och Janne, och mina svägerskor Christina, Sara och Johanna. För att ni är en så bra familj. Min kära mamma, för all kärlek och värme, och för din stora nyfikenhet och intresse för andra människor. Det är alltid roligt att vara med dig. Pappa, för din positiva livssyn, kärlek, och det kloka stöd du alltid gav. Jag saknar dig. Sist, men allra mest, min älskade familj, Patrik, Maj, David, Felix och Albin. För allt roligt, och för att ni är precis dom ni är.

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Section: Treatment Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus is an infrequent but potentially serious infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Swartling

Nordén

Samuelsson

et al. 2020

Bone Marrow Transplant

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“…Several factors have hindered the development of broadly protective HuNoV vaccines and treatment, including the marked antigenic diversity of norovirus strains and an incomplete understanding of protective immunity [15]. This review aims to summarize the collective data of norovirus epitope mapping studies in order to elucidate common features of strain-specific and cross-reactive antigenic sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Sels

Green

2019

Viruses

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Vaccine design has been confounded by the antigenic diversity of these viruses and a limited understanding of protective immunity. We reviewed 77 articles published since 1988 describing the isolation, function, and mapping of 307 unique monoclonal antibodies directed against B cell epitopes of human and murine noroviruses representing diverse Genogroups (G). Of these antibodies, 91, 153, 21, and 42 were reported as GI-specific, GII-specific, MNV GV-specific, and G cross-reactive, respectively. Our goal was to reconstruct the antigenic topology of noroviruses in relationship to mapped epitopes with potential for therapeutic use or inclusion in universal vaccines. Furthermore, we reviewed seven published studies of norovirus T cell epitopes that identified 18 unique peptide sequences with CD4- or CD8-stimulating activity. Both the protruding (P) and shell (S) domains of the major capsid protein VP1 contained B and T cell epitopes, with the majority of neutralizing and HBGA-blocking B cell epitopes mapping in or proximal to the surface-exposed P2 region of the P domain. The majority of broadly reactive B and T cell epitopes mapped to the S and P1 arm of the P domain. Taken together, this atlas of mapped B and T cell epitopes offers insight into the promises and challenges of designing universal vaccines and immunotherapy for the noroviruses.

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“…Norovirus can be life-threatening to children, especially undernourished children from developing countries [152], infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals [151]. There are no clinically approved antivirals and vaccines for norovirus infections [153] since the challenge is that the virus presents with a vast genetic diversity, with over thirty different genotypes infecting humans [151].…”

Section: Norovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections

Maduray

Parboosing

2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Globally, viral diseases continue to pose a significant threat to public health. Recent outbreaks, such as influenza, coronavirus, Ebola, and dengue, have emphasized the urgent need for new antiviral therapeutics. Considerable efforts have focused on developing metal nanoparticles for the treatment of several pathogenic viruses. As a result of these efforts, metal nanoparticles are demonstrating promising antiviral activity against pathogenic surrogates and clinical isolates. This review summarizes the application of metal nanoparticles for the treatment of viral infections. It provides information on synthesis methods, size-related properties, nano-bio-interaction, and immunological effects of metal nanoparticles. This article also addresses critical criteria and considerations for developing clinically translatable nanosized metal particles to treat viral diseases.

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Norovirus antivirals: Where are we now?

Cited by 60 publications

References 195 publications

Hepatitis E virus is an infrequent but potentially serious infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Hepatitis E virus is an infrequent but potentially serious infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections

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