Normative Indications for Xhosa Speaking Unskilled Workers on the Trail Making and Stroop Tests

Andrews, Karen L.; Shuttleworth-Edwards, Ann B.; Radloff, Sarah E.

doi:10.1080/14330237.2012.10820538

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Second, although the use of Zambian norms reduced the effect of years of education on NP test performance among SA women, significant effects of years of education persisted, primarily on NP tests of information processing speed. This is consistent with findings among a different sample of Xhosa-speaking South Africans (Andrews, Shuttleworth-Edwards, & Radloff, 2012), suggesting that additional differences in educational background in this highly heterogeneous area may reduce generalizability between settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Generalizability of demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological norms to South African women

Denckla

Spies

Heaton

et al. 2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective: Demographically corrected norms typically account for the effects of age, education, and in some cases, sex and other factors (e.g. race/ethnicity). However, generalizability of normative standards to different countries and ethnic groups is not universal. This study sought to determine whether demographically specific Zambian neuropsychological norms would generalize to a group of South African women. Method: 212 English-Xhosa bilingual, South African (SA) women were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) test battery in either English or Xhosa. We examined rates of "impairment" using Global Deficit Scores (GDS) based upon published, demographically corrected norms from a nearby African country (Zambia). Using multiple regression, we examined the extent to which Zambian norms "corrected" for the effects of age and education in this SA sample. Results: Compared to the normative standards from Zambia, the South African women performed somewhat worse than expected on a few test measures and better than expected on others, but their GDS and associated "impairment" rates were close to what was seen in Zambia. Demographically corrected Zambian norms adequately adjusted for the effects of age and years of education in this sample of SA women, with the exception that Zambian norms appeared to "under correct" for the positive effects of years of education on tests of information processing speed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Generalizability of demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological norms to South African women

Denckla

Spies

Heaton

et al. 2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…In addition to the present study, results arising out of the wider project are in the process of being submitted for publication, or have been published elsewhere (Andrews, Shuttleworth-Edwards, & Radloff, 2012;Fike, Knoetze, Shuttleworth-Edwards, & Radloff, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Importantly, the scores are not so low (i.e., the participants are not performing at the floor of the test), and nor is the organisational strategy employed so disorganised (i.e., rendering the figure unrecognisable), as to preclude the use of this test for diagnostic purposes with such individuals, on the proviso of course that the appropriate leniency in their interpretation on the basis of these normative data is applied. The study output, therefore, can be seen to provide a useful addition to a growing series of norms on westernised neurocognitive tests that have been collected in respect of this young adult Xhosa speaking Eastern Cape group with a relatively disadvan taged educational background from the former DET/ township schools (Andrews et al, 2012;Fike et al, 2012). '…”

Section: Implications For Neuropsychological Practicementioning

confidence: 98%

Normative indications for Xhosa speaking unskilled workers on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test

Shuttleworth-Edwards

Kock

Radloff

2014

Journal of Psychology in Africa

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The aim of this study was to establish normative indications for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (RCF) copy, incidental recall and delayed recall tasks, administered in English on a non-clinical population of Xhosa, unskilled workers (N = 33) (females n -21; males n = 12), with a background of relatively disadvantaged quality of education up to Grades 11 and 12. The sample was stratified into two age groupings (1 8 -2 9 years, n = 17; 30 -40 years, n = 16), equally distributed for sex and level of education. Within group statistical analyses compared subgroup test performances for sex and age within the total sample. Between group analyses were used to compare the performance of the present sample with age equivalent data derived from a meta-analysis of US normative data on the RCF task. There was an age effect in favour of the younger group for both the immediate and delayed recall tasks. The local data for all RCF tasks were significantly lower than the US normative data, with the indication that higher levels and/ or quality of formal school education might advantage performance on this complex visuoperceptual copy and recall task.

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“…Details are reported in Table 1. Of the remaining 27 studies that provide normative data for non-Italian populations, 16 studies (Ivnik et al, 1996;Ingraham et al, 1988;Rosselli et al, 2002;Moering et al, 2004;Lucas et al, 2005;Steinberg et al, 2005;Seo et al, 2008;Peña-Casanova et al, 2009;Al-Ghatani et al, 2011;Norman et al, 2011;Andrews et al, 2012;Llinàs-Reglà et al, 2013;Morrow, 2013;Lubrini et al, 2014;Rivera et al, 2015;Waldrop-Valverde et al, 2015) adopted the scoring method proposed by Golden (1978). In this method, the number of items correctly named in 45 s in each conditions is calculated (i.e., W, C, CW).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroop Color and Word Test

2007

Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics

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The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is a neuropsychological test extensively used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute, well-known as the Stroop Effect. The aim of the present work is to verify the theoretical adequacy of the various scoring methods used to measure the Stroop effect. We present a systematic review of studies that have provided normative data for the SCWT. We referred to both electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and citations. Our findings show that while several scoring methods have been reported in literature, none of the reviewed methods enables us to fully assess the Stroop effect. Furthermore, we discuss several normative scoring methods from the Italian panorama as reported in literature. We claim for an alternative scoring method which takes into consideration both speed and accuracy of the response. Finally, we underline the importance of assessing the performance in all Stroop Test conditions (word reading, color naming, named color-word).

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Normative Indications for Xhosa Speaking Unskilled Workers on the Trail Making and Stroop Tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Generalizability of demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological norms to South African women

Generalizability of demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological norms to South African women

Normative indications for Xhosa speaking unskilled workers on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test

Stroop Color and Word Test

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