Normative data stratified by age and education for a Spanish neuropsychological test battery: Results from the Colombian Alzheimer’s prevention initiative registry

Torres, Valeria L.; Vila‐Castelar, Clara; Bocanegra, Yamile; Baena, Ana; Guzmán-Vélez, Edmarie; Aguirre–Acevedo, Daniel Camilo; Tirado, Victoria; Muñoz, Claudia; Henao, Eliana; Moreno, Sonia; Giraldo, Margarita; Acosta, Natalia; Romenets, Silvia Ríos; Langbaum, Jessica B.; Cho, William; Reiman, Eric M.; Tariot, Pierre N.; Rosselli, Mónica; Quiroz, Yakeel T.; Lopera, Francisco

doi:10.1080/23279095.2019.1627357

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The simplest procedure is based on the tests’ score distribution to generate norms from the means and standard deviations. This strategy can be used with the entire sample or stratifying the sample by age [ 20 , 21 ], sex [ 22 ], and education [ 20 , 21 , 23 ]. Means and standard deviations within each subgroup are used to transform raw scores into easily interpretable measures such as Z scores, T-scores, scaled scores, or percentile ranks [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Iñesta

Oltra-Cucarella

Bonete-López

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age. Method: Regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education. The model predicting TMT-B scores also included TMT-A scores. Z-scores for the discrepancy between observed and predicted scores were used to identify low scores. The base rate of low scores for SABIEX normative data was compared to the base rate of low scores using published normative data obtained from the general population. Results: The effects of age, sex, and education varied across neuropsychological measures. Although the proportion of low scores was similar between normative datasets, there was no agreement in the identification of cognitively impaired individuals. Conclusions: Normative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less-active population. We provide a friendly calculator for use in neuropsychological assessment in cognitively active Spanish people aged 55 or older.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Iñesta

Oltra-Cucarella

Bonete-López

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The maximum number of correct responses of the learning phase and the recall phase is 30 and 10, respectively. The ROCF-c and CERAD-m scores were transformed to Z scores based on the normative data of a larger sample of Colombians who were not ADAD mutation carriers (Torres et al, 2019). We also calculated a CERAD-m total score from the average of the Z scores of each subtest.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…internal reliability greater than 0.8 and interrater reliability > .9 (Berry, Allen, & Schmitt, 1991;Tupler, Welsh, Asare-Aboagye, & Dawson, 1995). Additionally, the ROCF-r test has large studies of normative data, including the data used in this study which were derived from a larger cohort of noncarrier Colombians who belong to families at risk for ADAD due to E280A mutation (Torres et al, 2019). Additionally, this test has been shown to be a sensitive instrument for the detection of ViM impairment in patients with MCI (Lekeu et al, 2010;Peter et al, 2018) and mild dementia (Salimi et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Association Between Visual Memory andIn VivoAmyloid and Tau Pathology in Preclinical Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

Bocanegra

Fox‐Fuller

Baena

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Visual memory (ViM) declines early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether ViM impairment is evident in the preclinical stage and relates to markers of AD pathology. We examined the relationship between ViM performance and in vivo markers of brain pathology in individuals with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). Methods: Forty-five cognitively unimpaired individuals from a Colombian kindred with the Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A ADAD mutation (19 carriers and 26 noncarriers) completed the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure immediate recall test, a measure of ViM. Cortical amyloid burden and regional tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and inferior temporal cortex (IT) were measured using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET) and 11F-flortaucipir PET, respectively. Results: Cognitively unimpaired carriers and noncarriers did not differ on ViM performance. Compared to noncarriers, carriers had higher levels of cortical amyloid and regional tau in both the EC and IT. In cognitively unimpaired carriers, greater cortical amyloid burden, higher levels of regional tau, and greater age were associated with worse ViM performance. Only a moderate correlation between regional tau and ViM performance remained after adjusting for verbal memory scores. None of these correlations were observed in noncarriers. Conclusions: Results suggest that AD pathology and greater age are associated with worse ViM performance in ADAD before the onset of clinical symptoms. Further investigation with larger samples and longitudinal follow-up is needed to examine the utility of ViM measures for identifying individuals at high risk of developing dementia later in life.

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“…All tasks had previously been validated in Spanish and used in a large sample of subjects from Colombia (Arango-Lasprilla, 2015; Torres et al, 2019). Executive functioning was further assessed with the IFS (Torralva et al, 2009).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The INECO Frontal Screening for the Evaluation of Executive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Evidence from Quantitative MRI in a CADASIL Cohort from Colombia

Schoemaker

Zuluaga

Viswanathan

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives: Executive dysfunction is a predominant cognitive symptom in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The Institute of Cognitive Neurology Frontal Screening (IFS) is a well-validated screening tool allowing the rapid assessment of multiple components of executive function in Spanish-speaking individuals. In this study, we examined performance on the IFS in subjects with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), an inherited condition leading to the early onset of SVD. We further explored associations between performance on the IFS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of SVD. Methods: We recruited 24 asymptomatic CADASIL subjects and 23 noncarriers from Colombia. All subjects underwent a research MRI and a neuropsychological evaluation, including the IFS. Structural MRI markers of SVD were quantified in each subject, together with an SVD Sum Score representing the overall burden of cerebrovascular alterations. General linear model, correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to explore group differences on the IFS and relationships with MRI markers of SVD. Results: CADASIL subjects had a significantly reduced performance on the IFS Total Score. Performance on the IFS correlated with all quantified markers of SVD, except for brain atrophy and perivascular spaces enlargement. Finally, while the IFS Total Score was not able to accurately discriminate between carriers and noncarriers, it showed adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of multiple MRI markers of SVD. Conclusions: These results suggest that the IFS may be a useful screening tool to assess executive function and disease severity in the context of SVD.

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Normative data stratified by age and education for a Spanish neuropsychological test battery: Results from the Colombian Alzheimer’s prevention initiative registry

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Association Between Visual Memory andIn VivoAmyloid and Tau Pathology in Preclinical Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

The INECO Frontal Screening for the Evaluation of Executive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Evidence from Quantitative MRI in a CADASIL Cohort from Colombia

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