Normative Data for Ten Neuropsychological Tests for the Guatemalan Pediatric Population Updated to Account for Vulnerability

Ibáñez-Alfonso, Joaquín A.; Company-Córdoba, Rosalba; Cadena, Claudia Garcı́a de la; Simpson, Ian C.; Rivera, Diego; Sianes, Antonio

doi:10.3390/brainsci11070842

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A particularly laudable and innovative approach was the recent publication of normative tables for neuropsychological tests for use with Guatemalan youth. This research used regression methods to adjust normative scores based on the individual’s vulnerability [ 128 ]. It, therefore, mitigates some of the problems described above that have led to overdiagnosis of disorders in the most vulnerable.…”

Section: Conclusion and Tentative Suggestions To Achieve More Accurat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Misguided Veneration of Averageness in Clinical Neuroscience: A Call to Value Diversity over Typicality

Pluck

2023

Brain Sciences

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Research and practice in clinical neurosciences often involve cognitive assessment. However, this has traditionally used a nomothetic approach, comparing the performance of patients to normative samples. This method of defining abnormality places the average test performance of neurologically healthy individuals at its center. However, evidence suggests that neurological ‘abnormalities’ are very common, as is the diversity of cognitive abilities. The veneration of central tendency in cognitive assessment, i.e., equating typicality with healthy or ideal, is, I argue, misguided on neurodiversity, bio-evolutionary, and cognitive neuroscientific grounds. Furthermore, the use of average performance as an anchor point for normal performance is unreliable in practice and frequently leads to the mischaracterization of cognitive impairments. Examples are explored of how individuals who are already vulnerable for socioeconomic reasons can easily be over-pathologized. At a practical level, by valuing diversity rather than typicality, cognitive assessments can become more idiographic and focused on change at the level of the individual. The use of existing methods that approach cognitive assessment ideographically is briefly discussed, including premorbid estimation methods and informant reports. Moving the focus away from averageness to valuing diversity for both clinical cognitive assessments and inclusion of diverse groups in research is, I argue, a more just and effective way forward for clinical neurosciences.

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Section: Conclusion and Tentative Suggestions To Achieve More Accurat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Misguided Veneration of Averageness in Clinical Neuroscience: A Call to Value Diversity over Typicality

Pluck

2023

Brain Sciences

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“…El estado de vulnerabilidad fue significativo en las puntuaciones de lenguaje, atención y funciones ejecutivas. En contraste con el estudio realizado se indicó que el resultado del funcionamiento neuropsicológico denota mayor relevancia del 0.03 en el p-valor de la prueba del Trail Making test del lado B donde se evalúa la atención alternante y la flexibilidad cognitiva (Ibáñez et al,2021). Diaz et al, (2019) realizaron un estudio denominado estimación de la influencia de algunas variables de calidad de vida en los resultados de una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas donde una muestra incidental de 140 adultos mayores a quienes se les evaluó varios dominios como la memoria, la praxis, el lenguaje y la función ejecutiva mediante una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas, el resultado indica que mediante un estudio inferencial se identificó que el consumo de alcohol de forma recurrente afecta la memoria de los consumidores.…”

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Calidad de vida y funcionamiento neuropsicológico en adolescentes de escolaridad básica

De Paz Orozco

2023

Rev. Soc. Cunz.

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PROBLEMA: identificar una diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento neuropsicológico en los adolescentes de escolaridad básica del área urbana y rural del Municipio de Coatepeque. OBJETIVO: evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y el funcionamiento neuropsicológico en los adolescentes de escolaridad básica del área urbana y rural. MÉTODO: fue del tipo descriptivo comparativo-correlacional de corte transversal sobre la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento neuropsicológico de los adolescentes de básico. RESULTADOS: la prueba estadística de la t de Student denota una comparación donde enfatiza que no existe un resultado estadísticamente significativo del 0.05 entre ambos grupos en la escala general y del tipo físico, emocional, autoestima, familiar, social y educativo entre las dos cohortes de estudio. En cambio, la comparación de los dominios neuropsicológicos de ambos grupos denoto que existe un resultado estadísticamente significativo en la prueba del Trail Making Test lado B ya que el resultado arroja un p-valor de 0.03 indicando que si existe significancia estadísticamente significativa al p-valor del 0.05. Además, las correlaciones entre las variables de la calidad de vida relacionado con la salud y los dominios neuropsicológicos denotan relaciones del tipo débil bajo y muy bajo. CONCLUSIÓN: La calidad de vida relacionado con la salud y su funcionamiento denotan pequeños resultados tanto en comparación como en correlación con en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico de los adolescentes de escolaridad básica del área urbana y rural.

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‘Mens sana in corpore Sano’: Home food consumption implications over child cognitive performance in vulnerable contexts

Company-Córdoba

Accerenzi²,

Simpson³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Diet directly affects children’s physical and mental development. Nonetheless, how food insecurity and household food consumption impact the cognitive performance of children at risk of social exclusion remains poorly understood. In this regard, children in Guatemala face various hazards, mainly related to the socioeconomic difficulties that thousands of families have in the country. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in cognitive performance considering food insecurity and household food consumption in a sample of rural and urban Guatemalan children and adolescents at risk of social exclusion. Child cognitive performance was assessed in 134 children and adolescents (age M = 11.37; SD = 3.54) from rural and urban settings. Language, attention, and executive functions were assessed using neuropsychological tasks. Differences in cognitive performance in each level of food insecurity and household diet consumption were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine which factors may influence cognitive scores. The results showed that rural and urban groups did not differ in terms of food insecurity. However, considering just rural areas, differences were found between groups with food security and insecurity in attention and executive function tasks. Moreover, differences were found in food consumption for certain groups of food (e.g., meat, U = 1,146, p < 0.001, g = 0.72). Regarding regressions, protein food consumption (e.g., meat and fish), which is related to having a more balanced diet, was a relevant factor in executive performance. Contrary to what we expected, performance in attentional tasks was not related to the consumption of any food group. These findings could help politicians and decision-makers to select actions focused on improving diet balance and food security in families at risk of social exclusion. It is necessary to carry out more specific studies on the factors related to diet that affect the cognitive development of minors at risk of social exclusion. In addition, it is necessary to study the implementation of alternative interventions that include low-cost nutrients, thus ensuring that minors have access to a more balanced diet.

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Normative Data for Ten Neuropsychological Tests for the Guatemalan Pediatric Population Updated to Account for Vulnerability

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

The Misguided Veneration of Averageness in Clinical Neuroscience: A Call to Value Diversity over Typicality

The Misguided Veneration of Averageness in Clinical Neuroscience: A Call to Value Diversity over Typicality

Calidad de vida y funcionamiento neuropsicológico en adolescentes de escolaridad básica

‘Mens sana in corpore Sano’: Home food consumption implications over child cognitive performance in vulnerable contexts

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