Normative Data for a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery used in the Assessment of Sports-Related Concussion

Merritt, Victoria C.; Meyer, Jessica; Cadden, Margaret; Román, Cristina A F; Ukueberuwa, Dede M.; Shapiro, Michael D.; Arnett, Peter A.

doi:10.1093/arclin/acw090

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, a study of 324 Mandarin speaking adults in China found that gender was associated with SDMT performance among the oldest age group (mean age of 69 years), but not in the younger age groups (mean age of 36 and 53 years). It may also be that the effects of gender are smaller than those of other demographic factors [64,65], and thus only observed in studies that are sufficiently large [29,53,60]. Indeed, in this study the effect size for gender was considerably smaller than that for education level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…However much of the data has been generated from small studies, commonly involving 200 individuals or less [11,26,[31][32][33][52][53][54][55][56], and this has prohibited the generation of demographic-specific norms. Furthermore, the studies that are available have generally focused on specific patient samples (e.g., multiple sclerosis [57][58][59]), or younger adults [26,52,56,60,61]. There has been a lack of large scale normative SDMT data for older individuals, and particularly that which has considered variation according to key demographic characteristics that are known to influence cognitive performance [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Normative Data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Ryan

Woods

Britt

et al. 2020

ADR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Processing speed, which can be assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), is central to many brain functions. Processing speed declines with advanced age but substantial impairments are indicative of brain injury or disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide SDMT normative data for older community-dwelling individuals in the U.S. and Australia. Methods: The ASPREE trial recruited 19,114 relatively healthy older men and women in Australia and the U.S. from the general community. All participants were without a diagnosis of dementia and with a Modified Mini-Mental State examination score of 78 or more at enrolment. The SDMT was administered at baseline as part of a neuropsychological test battery. Results: The median age of participants was 74 years (range 65-99), and 56% were women. The median years of education was 12. Ethno-racial differences in SDMT performance were observed and normative data were thus presented separately for 16,289 white Australians, 1,082 white Americans, 891 African-Americans, and 316 Hispanic/Latinos. There were consistent positive associations found between SDMT and education level, and negative associations between SDMT and age. Mean scores for women were consistently higher than men with the exception of Hispanic/Latinos aged ≥70 years. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive SDMT normative data for whites (Australian and U.S.), Hispanic/Latinos, and African-Americans, according to gender, age, and education level. These norms can be used clinically as reference standards to screen for cognitive impairments in older individuals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Ryan

Woods

Britt

et al. 2020

ADR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of normative data is a cornerstone of neuropsychological assessment (37). An extensive normative database for the ANAM exists with over a hundred thousand data points, which stratifies the performance of healthy, non-concussed SMs according to age and gender; these data were collected as part of SMs pre-deployment baseline assessments (35).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Sleepiness, Mood, and Neurocognitive Performance in Military Personnel

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurocognitive computerized assessment tools (NCATs) were developed to assist military clinicians with the tracking of recovery from injury and return to full duty decisions with a recent focus on the setting of post-concussion evaluations. However, there is limited data on the impact of deployment on neurocognitive functioning, sleepiness, and mood in healthy, non-concussed Service members. Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics version 4 TBI Military (ANAM) data was obtained for a sample of active duty deployed personnel ( n = 72) without recent history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of sleepiness and mood state on neurocognitive performance. The overall multivariate regression was statistically significant. Negative mood states were the most salient predictors of neurocognitive performance with higher levels of endorsement associated with lower scores. The findings support measures of negative mood state, but not sleepiness, as relevant predictors of neurocognitive performance as measured by the ANAM. These results indicate that mood needs to be considered when reviewing neurocognitive data to ensure that appropriate clinical decisions are made; in particular for return-to-duty decisions in deployed settings after concussion recovery.

show abstract

“…Data transformations of the neurocognitive variables were carried out using procedures described previously (Merritt et al, 2017;Rabinowitz & Arnett, 2013). Briefly, 18 neurocognitive variables were selected from the above measures (see Table 2) and converted from raw scores to standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15) using sex-specific means and standard deviations from a large normative sample of college athletes at baseline (Merritt et al, 2017). All standard scores were calculated so that higher values reflect better performance.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Data Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuropsychological compromise is perhaps the most well-known sequela of SRC. The broader neuropsychological literature has reported premorbid sex differences in cognition (Lezak, Howieson, Bigler, & Tranel, 2012), and sex differences have also specifically been identified in athletes undergoing baseline neuropsychological testing (Merritt et al, 2017). Given these premorbid differences in cognition, it is imperative to consider the extent to which biological sex influences post-concussion cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Measures of Central Tendency: Novel Methods to Examine Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Performance Following Sports-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes

Merritt

Greenberg

Guty

et al. 2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in neuropsychological functioning after sports-related concussion using several approaches to assess cognition: mean performance, number of impaired scores, and intraindividual variability (IIV).Method:In the study, 152 concussed college athletes were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, on average, 10 days post-concussion (SD = 12.75; Mdn = 4 days; Range = 0–72 days). Mean performance was evaluated across 18 individual neuropsychological variables, and the total number of impaired test scores (>1.5 SD below the mean) was calculated for each athlete. Two measures of IIV were also computed: an intraindividual standard deviation (ISD) score and a maximum discrepancy (MD) score.Results:Analyses of covariance revealed that, compared with males, females had significantly more impaired scores and showed greater variability on both IIV indices (ISD and MD scores) after adjusting for time since injury and post-concussive symptoms. In contrast, no significant effects of sex were found when examining mean neuropsychological performance.Conclusion:Although females and males demonstrated similar mean performance following concussion, females exhibited a greater level of cognitive impairment and larger inconsistencies in cognitive performance than males. These results suggest that evaluating cognitive indices beyond mean neuropsychological scores may provide valuable information when determining the extent of post-concussion cognitive dysfunction.

show abstract

Normative Data for a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery used in the Assessment of Sports-Related Concussion

Abstract: In the absence of baseline testing, the normative data presented here can be used clinically to assess athletes' cognitive functioning post-concussion.

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Normative Data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Normative Data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos

Relationships Between Sleepiness, Mood, and Neurocognitive Performance in Military Personnel

Beyond Measures of Central Tendency: Novel Methods to Examine Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Performance Following Sports-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About