Normative Change In Science And The Birth Of The Triple Helix

Mapping the field: a bibliometric analysis of the literature on university–industry collaborations

“…In the last decade, different configurations of Triple Helix interactions that frequently form a complex system of inter-dependent relations have been developed (Lei et al 2012). Based on our review, future research embedded in the ecosystem perspective would benefit from examining what types of Triple Helix network configurations are most effective, considering institutional differences across countries and regions (Etzkowitz 2011;Guan and Zhao 2013;van der Valk et al 2011). In this regard, prior research calls for the development of performance indicators that would reliably predict what configurations are necessary to optimise collaborative project success between university-industry-government (Feller 2017;Leydesdorff and Rafols 2011).…”

“…Thus, this cluster is focused on understanding the logics of policy developments and normative changes on different levels (i.e., faculty, university, regional, and national) in the context of U-I collaborations, acknowledging the heterogeneity of U-I collaboration actors (Link 2015). Next to that, tracking changes in the institutional context and regional policy developments to sustain the innovation levels are central facets of this cluster (Etzkowitz 2011;Berman 2012;Robin and Schubert 2013). In the course of focusing on the university level, research suggests that the designing of policies driven not only by monetary but also by a broader range of incentives, such as reputational and intrinsic motives support the engagement in research commercialisation activities (D'Este and Perkmann 2011; Lam 2011).…”

Crossing Organizational Boundary’s Effect on Paradigmatic Shift and the Implication to Marketing Strategy of an Organization

“…These three characteristics of speed or velocity, scope, and system impact showed that the coming contemporary technological revolution needs to be seen in multidisciplinary views in order to understand the emerging new challenges, and to the needs of different actors to, for instance, collaborate with (Dzisah & Etzkowitz, 2013c;Etzkowitz, 2013). Organizations, namely government, university or research institution, and firm especially, are forced to be innovative (Edquist, 1997) to face this complex and uncertain environment.…”

“…This 'triple helix' concept of government, industry, and scientific organization dealing with both these institutional sphere transformation of the organizations and their interrelations growingly shape the dynamics of innovation (Etzkowitz, 2013). Among these three actors of government, industries or firms, and scientific organizations, in term of translating knowledge into innovation, it is the innovating firm who can combine the knowledge into a plan for innovation (J. S. .…”

Advancing Understanding about the Relationship between Science, University and Society – An Introduction

“…Such a switch of emphasis in the science policy regime and the related permeability of the university organisation present new issues for the organisation of scientific research. This happens, for instance, when organised secrecy of the Cold War classifi ed knowledge becomes amended in grey zones of commercialised science in terms of 'limited secrecy' (Etzkowitz, 2011). To better understand the complicated changes in the organisational couplings of science and the university, we would need advanced conceptual guidance to regulate the consistency between the diagnoses of the times that speak about transformations in knowledge production and the university organisation, and the variety of empirically-based research theories that enrich them.…”