Normalizing handgrip strength in older adults: An allometric approach

Neto, Geraldo A. Maranhão; Oliveira, Aldair J.; Pedreiro, Rodrigo Cunha de Mello; Pereira-Junior, Pedro Paulo; Machado, Sérgio; Neto, Silvio Rodrigues Marques; Farinatti, Paulo

doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.007

Cited by 29 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, in the current study, the association with MDA was signi cant only in absolute hand grip strength and not relative hand grip strength. In this regard, one study suggested that normalized hand grip strength by weight is inferior to other normalization options [41]. The advantages and disadvantages of relative and absolute hand grip strength are still under discussion, and a compromise must be reached [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents

Joo

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Increased oxidative stress has been shown to lead to muscle damage and reduced physical performance. The antioxidant mechanism is most likely to reduce these relationships, but in the context of the action of carotenoids, more research is needed. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether carotenoids modify the association between plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and physical performance in Korean adolescents. Methods The study sample consisted of 381 participants (164 boys, 217 girls) aged 13−18, who participated in the 2018 National Fitness Award Project. We quantified α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and MDA levels in plasma using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Physical performance was measured by determining the absolute and relative hand grip strength, 20-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, estimated maximal oxygen consumption, curl-up, and sit-and-reach. Results In boys, the multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, and physical activity showed that the MDA level was negatively associated with absolute hand grip strength; this association was observed only in groups with α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid values below the median. Conclusion These results suggest that carotenoids may act as an effect modifier of the association between MDA and physical performance in Korean male adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents

Joo

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In a recent study by Maranhao Netoa and colleagues [ 11 ] grip strength of older adults (n = 263, 60–87 years) was allometrically scaled to fat free mass, body mass, and height. The results of their study indicated that the optimal method of allometrically scaling MG was associated with body height, specifically, MG divided by body height (meters) 1.84 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recorded MG was assessed in kilograms (kg) and was subsequently converted to Newtons (MG kg × 9.81 m/s 2 ). In order to allometrically scale the MG scores the following equations were used as suggested by Jaric et al [ 10 ] and Maranhao Netoa and colleagues [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jaric and colleagues [ 10 ] suggested that to allometrically scale strength that the strength measure should be divided by (body mass) 0.67 . Most recently Maranhao Netoa and colleagues [ 11 ] suggested that hand grip strength should be allometrically scaled to body height (meters) 1.84 . When strength measures are allometrically scaled, strength comparisons between genders that are relative to body mass can be more precisely made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand Grip Strength and Gender: Allometric Normalization in Older Adults and Implications for the NIOSH Lifting Equation

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMany countries are experiencing an aging workforce with women workers making up a growing proportion. Workplaces often require employees to complete lifting tasks that require the ability of the hand to grasp an implement (coupling). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed an equation for manual lifting tasks hoping to minimize the potential for a workplace back-injury related to a lifting task. The NIOSH lifting equation relies upon stress variables including a coupling factor. However, little is known regarding grip strength as related to the NIOSH lifting equation coupling factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in grip strength due to gender in older adults.MethodsThe participant’s (68–88 years) maximal grip (MG) strength measures were collected for each hand with a hand grip dynamometer (kg). MG scores were converted to Newtons (N), normalized to body mass, and allometrically scaled. Measures of MG were than compared between genders with an independent t-test.ResultsThe hand grip measures of MG (kg) [male: 30.3 ± 5.6, female: 10.6 ± 3.3], MG (kg) / body mass (kg) [male: 0.35 ± 0.06, female: 0.16 ± 0.04], MG (N) / (body mass (kg))0.67 [male: 15.1 ± 2.5, female: 6.2 ± 1.7], and MG (N) / (body height (m))1.84 [male: 103.6 ± 18.6, female: 42.6 ± 10.6] were all significantly lower (p < 0.0001) for women than men. Regardless of how grip strength was reported, there is a strong difference in grip strength between genders in this sample. The NIOSH lifting equation does not account for varying grip strength due to aging and gender differences.ConclusionsIt is recommended that grip strength variability be accounted for in the coupling factor of the NIOSH lifting equation.

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“…The use of a relative method for muscle strength is recommended when investigating the association between disease states, because body composition and body size are highly correlated with muscle strength [12,13]. Relative muscle strength is defined by four popular measuring methods, including body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference (WC), and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Hand Grip and Back Muscle Strength, but Not Mean Muscle Strength, as Risk Factors for Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Its Metabolic Components: 16 Years of Follow-Up in a Population-Based Cohort Study

Jeon

Lee²,

Shin³

2021

Applied Sciences

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Muscle strength is associated with health outcomes and can be considered an important disease predictor. There are several studies examining the relationship between hand grip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no results have been reported for long term longitudinal studies. In this study, we investigated the relationship between mean HGS, back muscle strength (BMS), relative HGS and BMS, and MetS. A total of 2538 non-MetS subjects aged 40–69 years (1215 women and 1323 men) in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan cohort were followed for 16 years. The relationships between incident MetS (iMetS) and muscle strength were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models after adjusting for the confounding factors. Increases in standard deviation (SD) and the lower quartile groups for relative HGS and BMS were significantly associated with iMetS in men and women. Moreover, increases in SD and high quintile groups (decreased HGS group) for the delta change in the mean and relative HGS were significantly associated with iMetS in men only. In addition, SD increases for the relative HGS and BMS were significantly associated with iMetS components in men and women. The present study suggests that lower relative HGS and BMS are associated with high risk for the future development of MetS.

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Normalizing handgrip strength in older adults: An allometric approach

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents

Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents

Hand Grip Strength and Gender: Allometric Normalization in Older Adults and Implications for the NIOSH Lifting Equation

Relative Hand Grip and Back Muscle Strength, but Not Mean Muscle Strength, as Risk Factors for Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Its Metabolic Components: 16 Years of Follow-Up in a Population-Based Cohort Study

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