Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data

Coplen, Tyler B.

doi:10.1016/0168-9622(88)90042-5

Cited by 463 publications

(402 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Once delta values have been calculated, a process termed "normalization" is sometimes employed in an effort to ensure that data from all laboratories are comparable [34,81]. The problem arises from an effect termed "scale compression" in IRMS instruments.…”

Section: Calculation Of Isotope Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Sessions¹

2006

J of Separation Science

236

270

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Isotope-ratio detection for gas chromatographyInstrumentation and methods exist for highly precise analyses of the stable-isotopic composition of organic compounds separated by GC. The general approach combines a conventional GC, a chemical reaction interface, and a specialized isotoperatio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Most existing GC hardware and methods are amenable to isotope-ratio detection. The interface continuously and quantitatively converts all organic matter, including column bleed, to a common molecular form for isotopic measurement. C and N are analyzed as CO 2 and N 2 , respectively, derived from combustion of analytes. H and O are analyzed as H 2 and CO produced by pyrolysis/reduction. IRMS instruments are optimized to provide intense, highly stable ion beams, with extremely high precision realized via a system of differential measurements in which ion currents for all major isotopologs are simultaneously monitored. Calibration to an internationally recognized scale is achieved through comparison of closely spaced sample and standard peaks. Such systems are capable of measuring 13 C/ 12 C ratios with a precision approaching 0.1? (for values reported in the standard delta notation), four orders of magnitude better than that typically achieved by conventional "organic" mass spectrometers. Detection limits to achieve this level of precision are typically a1 nmol C (roughly 10 ng of a typical hydrocarbon) injected on-column. Achievable precision and detection limits are correspondingly higher for N, O, and H, in that order.

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Section: Calculation Of Isotope Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Sessions¹

2006

J of Separation Science

236

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Both δ 18 O and δ 2 H were measured against an internal standard that has been calibrated using the IAEA, SMOW, GISP and SLAP standards. Data were normalized following methods outlined by Coplen (1988) and are expressed relative to V-SMOW where δ 18 O and δ 2 H values of SLAP are −55.5 and −428 ‰ respectively. Precision is ±1 ‰ for δ 2 H and ±0.2 ‰ for δ 18 O.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>3</sup>H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window

Atkinson

Cartwright

Gilfedder

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Knowledge of groundwater residence times and recharge locations is vital to the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Here we investigate groundwater residence times and patterns of recharge in the Gellibrand Valley, southeast Australia, where outcropping aquifer sediments of the Eastern View Formation form an "aquifer window" that may receive diffuse recharge from rainfall and recharge from the Gellibrand River. To determine recharge patterns and groundwater flow paths, environmental isotopes (3H, 14C, δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) are used in conjunction with groundwater geochemistry and continuous monitoring of groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity. The water table fluctuates by 0.9 to 3.7 m annually, implying recharge rates of 90 and 372 mm yr−1. However, residence times of shallow (11 to 29 m) groundwater determined by 14C are between 100 and 10 000 years, 3H activities are negligible in most of the groundwater, and groundwater electrical conductivity remains constant over the period of study. Deeper groundwater with older 14C ages has lower δ18O values than younger, shallower groundwater, which is consistent with it being derived from greater altitudes. The combined geochemistry data indicate that local recharge from precipitation within the valley occurs through the aquifer window, however much of the groundwater in the Gellibrand Valley predominantly originates from the regional recharge zone, the Barongarook High. The Gellibrand Valley is a regional discharge zone with upward head gradients that limits local recharge to the upper 10 m of the aquifer. Additionally, the groundwater head gradients adjacent to the Gellibrand River are generally upwards, implying that it does not recharge the surrounding groundwater and has limited bank storage. 14C ages and Cl concentrations are well correlated and Cl concentrations may be used to provide a first-order estimate of groundwater residence times. Progressively lower chloride concentrations from 10 000 years BP to the present day are interpreted to indicate an increase in recharge rates on the Barongarook High.

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“…The reproducibility of KCM was ±0.06‰ (1σ; n= 9). The resultant δ 18 O carb values were converted to the SMOW scale using Coplen (1988).…”

Section: Neolithic Inhumation Cemetery Earliest Case Rickets Balevumentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Death? A Lost Neolithic Inhumation Cemetery with Britain’s Earliest Case of Rickets, at Balevullin, Western Scotland

Armit¹,

Shapland²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2015

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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yesRecent radiocarbon dating of a skeleton from Balevullin, Tiree, excavated in the early twentieth century,\ud demonstrates that it dates to the Neolithic period, rather than the Iron Age as originally expected. Osteological\ud examination suggests that the individual was a young adult woman, exhibiting osteological deformities\ud consistent with vitamin D deficiency, most likely deriving from childhood rickets; an exceptionally early\ud identification of the disease in the UK with potentially significant social implications. Isotopic analysis supports\ud the osteological evidence for physiological stress in childhood and further suggests that the woman was most\ud probably local to the islands. Analysis of the surviving written archive reveals that the surviving skeleton was\ud one of several originally recovered from the site, making Balevullin an exceptionally rare example of a British\ud Neolithic inhumation cemetery.Taken from author's copyright agreement with CUP for this article:\ud \ud 2.4. You may post the VoR version of the article (in PDF or HTML form) in the Institutional Repository of the institution\ud in which you worked at the time the article was first submitted, or (for appropriate journals) in PubMed Central or UK\ud PubMed Central or ArXiV, no sooner than one year after first publication of the article in the Journal, subject to file\ud availability and provided the posting includes a prominent statement of the full bibliographical details, a copyright notice\ud in the name of the copyright holder (Cambridge University Press or the sponsoring Society, as appropriate), and a link to\ud the online edition of the Journal at Cambridge Journals Online

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Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data

Cited by 463 publications

References 4 publications

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Using <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>3</sup>H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window

Difference in Death? A Lost Neolithic Inhumation Cemetery with Britain’s Earliest Case of Rickets, at Balevullin, Western Scotland

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Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data

Cited by 463 publications

References 4 publications

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Isotope‐ratio detection for gas chromatography

Using &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window

Difference in Death? A Lost Neolithic Inhumation Cemetery with Britain’s Earliest Case of Rickets, at Balevullin, Western Scotland

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Using <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>3</sup>H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window