Normal width of the inter-recti distance in pregnant and postpartum primiparous women

Mota, Patrícia; Pascoal, Augusto Gil; Carita, Ana Isabel; Bø, Kari

doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2018.02.004

Cited by 63 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…the 20 th and the 80 th percentile, correspond to 49 79 mm below the umbilicus, 5486 mm at 2 cm above the umbilicus, and 479 mm at 5 cm above the umbilicus. At six months postpartum, the 20 th and the 80 th percentiles corre sponded to 921 mm at 2 cm below the umbilicus, from 17 to 28 mm at 2 cm above the umbilicus, and from 12 to 24 mm at 5 cm above the umbilicus [19]. It is also our experi ence that the distance is almost never uniform all along the linea alba.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

“…In another article the normal interrectal distance 2 cm above the navel was established to be 15 mm in postpartum women and 10 mm in nullip arous women [22]. However, a recent study showed that the normal width of the linea alba changes during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, depending also on the level of the US scan [19]. During pregnancy, the normal range of values, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mal, prepregnancy value. In primiparous women, the interrectal distance may be considered "normal" up to values wider than in nulliparous [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound

Corvino¹,

Rosa

Sbordone³

et al. 2019

Pol J Radiol

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Purpose:The aim of our study was to categorise the anatomical variations of rectus abdominis muscle diastasis (dia stasis recti) by using ultrasound (US). Material and methods:In a oneyear period 92 women were evaluated with US because of suspected diastasis of rectus muscles. Patients were examined in a supine position, with head extended, upper limbs aligned to the trunk, and knees flexed. US was performed with highfrequency, broadband transducers. Trapezoid fieldofview and extend ed fieldofview were employed to measure diastasis exceeding 5 cm. Diastasis was defined as a margintomargin distance > 20 mm at rest and classified according to the following anatomical patterns: open only above the navel, open only below the navel, open at the navel level, open completely but wider above the navel, and open completely but wider below the navel. Results: Diastasis was found in 82 patients (3061 years old, mean age 35 years). The width was 2197 mm, mean 39 mm. The prevalence and severity of the anatomical patterns was as follows: open only above the navel in 48 pa tients (2188 mm, mean 40 mm), open only below the navel in one patient (33 mm), open at the navel level in seven patients (2339 mm, mean 34 mm), open completely but wider above the navel in 24 patients (2197 mm, mean 41 mm), open completely but wider below the navel in two patients (2129 mm, mean 25 mm). Conclusions:The abovenavel patterns of recti muscle diastasis are the most common. Even when open completely, diastasis is usually wider above the navel. Knowledge of the anatomical type of rectus muscle diastasis could be of value to the patient (exercises to do and to avoid) and to the surgeon (abdominoplasty planning).

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supporting

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound

Corvino¹,

Rosa

Sbordone³

et al. 2019

Pol J Radiol

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“…Several authors have shown differences in the muscle thickness in basketball [34] and baseball [30] players compared to non-athletic subjects. In addition, Kubo et al [52] reported a thickness increase of the abdominal wall muscles for elite football players in relation to amateur football players.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The USI examination of the abdominal wall muscles has been previously carried out in healthy populations [28,29], postpartum women [30] and several sport disciplines, such as baseball [26], handball [31], cricket [32], and female football players [33]. Moreover, differences in abdominal wall features were reported according to different levels of activity in basketball [34], tennis [35], and Pilates [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness in Female Rugby Players Versus Non-Athletic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: Rugby players engage in demanding, high loading muscular activity in the spine. Study of the abdominal wall architecture in female rugby athletes is relevant to the possible muscular asymmetry secondary to sport practice and the relationship between the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor muscles. Activation of the transversus abdominis (TrAb) generates an increase in the bladder neck muscle. Moreover, an increased interrecti distance (IRD) is related to urinary incontinence and has a higher prevalence in athletic women. The aim of the present study was to compare and quantify, with ultrasound imaging (USI), the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrAb), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), and interrecti distance (IRD) in female rugby players versus non-athletic women in order to improve upon existing knowledge about abdominal wall configuration in female athletes. Materials and Methods: A sample of 32 women was recruited at the Universidad Europea Research Lab and divided in two groups: a rugby group (n = 16) and a non-athletic women group (n = 16). The thickness of the TrAb, EO, IO, RA, and IRD were assessed by USI in both groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences for the ultrasound evaluation thickness of the right TrAb (p = 0.011; d = 0.10), EO (p = 0.045; d = 0.74), IO (p = 0.003; d = 1.32), and RA (p = 0.001; d = 1.38) showing a thickness increase for the rugby group with respect to the control group. For the IRD thickness, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. Conclusions: An increased TrAb, IO, EO, and RA thickness may be shown in female rugby players versus non-athletic women. Nevertheless, statistically relevant differences were not found for the IRD between both groups.

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Multidimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Diastasis Recti Abdominis During Different Gestational Periods

Guo,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the application value of two‐dimensional ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the multidimensional evaluation of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) during different gestational periods.MethodsA cohort of 202 gravidas that were examined in our hospital between June 2021 and September 2022 were selected for the purpose of the study, which included 26 cases with <14 weeks of pregnancy, 36 cases in the 14th–27th week of pregnancy, 36 cases in the 28th–34th week of pregnancy, 32 cases in the 35th–38th week of pregnancy, 45 cases at 42 days postpartum, and 27 cases at 3 months postpartum. The inter‐rectus distance (IRD) and the thickness in each gestational period were measured, and Young's modulus of the rectus abdominis at different gestational periods was measured using SWE by two sonographers. The differences in IRD, thickness, and elasticity characteristics during different periods, and the correlation between rectus abdominis elasticity and IRD, thickness, body mass index (BMI), neonatal weight, and delivery mode were analyzed and compared. The consistency of SWE parameters obtained by different sonographers was also compared.ResultsThere were significant differences in IRD, thickness, and Young's modulus during different gestational periods (P = .000, P < .001, P < .001). Early postpartum IRD and Young's modulus did not restore to the level of early pregnancy (P < .001, P < .001), while the thickness of rectus abdominis was not significantly different from that of early pregnancy (P = .211). The Young's modulus of rectus abdominis was negatively correlated with the IRD (r = .515), positively correlated with the thickness of rectus abdominis (r = .408), and weakly negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r = −.296). There was no significant correlation with neonatal weight or delivery mode (P = .147, .648). The Bland–Altman plot showed that the two sonographers had good consistency in evaluating the elasticity of rectus abdominis by SWE.ConclusionThe multidimensional evaluation of DRA by ultrasound is feasible and IRD and Young's modulus can be used to evaluate the postpartum recovery of DRA. The combination of the two can objectively reflect the severity of DRA morphology and function.

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Normal width of the inter-recti distance in pregnant and postpartum primiparous women

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound

Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles: patterns of anatomical variation as demonstrated by ultrasound

Comparison of the Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness in Female Rugby Players Versus Non-Athletic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Multidimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Diastasis Recti Abdominis During Different Gestational Periods

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