Normal urinary calcium/creatinine ratios in African-American and Caucasian children

So, Natalie P.; Osorio, Alexies V.; Simon, Stephen D.; Alon, Uri

doi:10.1007/s004670000510

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This can be attributed to the difference between the children in terms of race, geographic area, and particularly eating habits. [22][23][24][25][26][27] In a study performed by So et al 28 with 368 children, the mean UCa/UCr ratio was found as 0.10 in children aged between 19 months and 6 years, and 0.09 in children aged !7 years. In another study conducted by Moore et al, 29 the mean UCa/UCr ratio was found as 0.06 AE 0.062 where the majority of the subjects were black children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

et al. 2013

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Background: Identifying the risk factors is important in prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of UTI and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four children aged between 1 month and 16 years and diagnosed to have UTI were evaluated for urinary calcium excretion. The children were diagnosed to have IHC if their urinary calcium/creatinine ratios in at least two different spot urine samples were >0.6 between 0-1 year old and !0.21 over 1 year or daily calcium excretion >4 mg/kg. Results: The frequency of IHC was found to be 16.7%. Family history of urolithiasis, parental consanguinity, presentation with abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and discomfort were found to be significantly higher in the IHC group. No association was found between IHC and the recurrence of UTI, presence of vesicoureteral reflux, renal scar formation, and the prognosis. Conclusions: IHC should be considered among the risk factors for UTI and should be investigated particularly in patients with family history of urinary stones and suggestive complaints of IHC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

et al. 2013

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“…19 However, subsequent investigations have shown that the UCa/Cr may vary with ethnicity, geographic area and genetic polymorphism. 18 There is evidence that the UCa/Cr ratio in Chinese adolescents is low when compared with published values for Caucasian children. 20 Regrettably, there are no accurate reference values of UCa/Cr for Chinese infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…18 It is well known that the normal spot urine calcium/creatinine (UCa/Cr) ratio has a significantly negative correlation with age. Sargent's group proposed the 95th percentile of normal reference values for UCa/Cr was 0.86 mg/mg for Caucasian infants less than 7 moths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation analysis and audiologic assessment in six Chinese children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis

Gao

et al. 2014

Renal Failure

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The objective of this study is to identify ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4 and SLC4A1 genes mutations and assess audiologic characteristics in six Chinese children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis from four unrelated families between the ages of 2 and 13 years. Both ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes were preferentially screened in all index cases by direct sequence analysis. If inconclusive then SLC4A1 gene should be analyzed for mutation. Their clinical features, hearing status and inner ear imaging structure were also investigated. Six loss-of-function mutations were identified in six patients. Two novel mutations were identified in either of ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes, respectively. Two probands from different kindreds with mutations in ATP6V1B1 presented early onset profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Two from different families carrying ATP6V0A4 mutations manifested early onset moderate mixed HL and moderate SNHL, respectively, the former comorbid with EVA, while the latter not; however, both their elder sisters showed normal hearing and inner ear. These findings expand the spectrum of mutations in the ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes associated with primary dRTA. Our study confirms the association of EVA and mutations in either of these two genes. More studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between dRTA, SNHL, EVA, and gene mutations.

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“…The spot urine calcium/ creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) is frequently used in the diagnosis of hypercalciuria because of difficulties in collecting 24-hour urine in children (1,2,(4)(5)(6). In children aged above seven months, a uCa/Cr value of ≥0.21 is considered hypercalciuria (4,5,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary calcium excretion varies by age, the amount of calcium in diet, geographic area, and ethnic origin (4,8,9). Therefore, definitions of hypercalciuria should be made after calcium excretion is specified for different countries and areas considering the 95th percentile values as limit values (5,(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hypercalciuria and urinary calcium excretion in school-aged children in the province of Tokat

et al. 2016

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Aim: Hypercalciuria is an important cause of urinary tract symptoms, and also frequently results in urolithiasis. Urinary calcium excretion varies for geographic areas. We aimed to assess percentiles of urinary calcium excretion and prevalence of hypercalciuria for school-aged children in Tokat (city located in inner northern region of Turkey). Material and Methods:One thousand three hundred seventy-five children aged 6 to 18 years were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were obtained randomly. The children's variables as sex, age, length, and weight were recorded. Urinary calcium and creatinine determined from the urine samples and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios (mg/mg) were calculated. Percentiles of urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were also assessed for each age of the children.Results: Six hundred eighty-three of the 1 375 children were girls and 692 were boys. The mean age of the children was 11.68±3.43 years. Some 23.9% of the children were living in rural regions and 76.1% were were living in urban regions. The mean urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.080±0.24 and the 95th percentile value of the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.278. The hypercalciuria prevalence for school-aged children was 4.7% when the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio value for hypercalciuria was accepted as ≥0.21. The prevalence of hypercalciuria in rural and urban regions was 7.60% and 3.82%, respectively (p<0.05). Hypercalciuria was present in 7 of 141 patients who were obese (4.96%) and 58 of 1 234 patients who were not obese (4.70%) (p>0.05). Conclusion:The prevalence of hypercalciuria and urinary calcium excretion vary for different geographic areas, not only for countries. The percentiles of urinary calcium excretion should be assesed for every geographic region and the prevalance of hypercalciuria should be determined with these values. There is controversy as to whether obesity is a risk factor for hypercalciuria. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 193-7)

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Normal urinary calcium/creatinine ratios in African-American and Caucasian children

Cited by 76 publications

References 42 publications

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

The Association between Urinary Tract Infection and Idiopathic Hypercalciuria in Children

Mutation analysis and audiologic assessment in six Chinese children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis

Prevalence of hypercalciuria and urinary calcium excretion in school-aged children in the province of Tokat

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