Normal transitions in synthesis of replacement histones H2A.Z and H3.3 during differentiation of dystrophic myotube cells. A brief note

Wunsch, Ann M.; Reinhardt, Kathryn; Lough, John

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(91)90140-u

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The diffuse localization of the H2A.Z/EGFP fusion protein during the early cleavage divisions is consistent with this notion. Also consistent are reports that H2A.Z protein levels are elevated in terminally differentiated cells when the cell cycle slows (40) and reduced during rapid proliferation in cells of the mouse embryo inner cell mass (10). It is important to point out that cells of the axial mesoderm (notocord) also display characteristics of terminally differentiated cells (41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Unique Residues on the H2A.Z Containing Nucleosome Surface Are Important for Xenopus laevis Development

Ridgway

Brown

Rangasamy

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Critical to vertebrate development is a complex program of events that establishes specialized tissues and organs from a single fertilized cell. Transitions in chromatin architecture, through alterations in its composition and modification markings, characterize early development. A variant of the H2A core histone, H2A.Z, is essential for development of both Drosophila and mice. We recently showed that H2A.Z is required for proper chromosome segregation. Whether H2A.Z has additional specific functions during early development remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that depletion of H2A.Z by RNA interference perturbs Xenopus laevis development at gastrulation leading to embryos with malformed, shortened trunks. Consistent with this result, whole embryo in situ hybridization indicates that endogenous expression of H2A.Z is highly enriched in the notochord. H2A.Z modifies the surface of a canonical nucleosome by creating an extended acidic patch and a metal ion-binding site stabilized by two histidine residues. To examine the significance of these specific surface regions in vivo, we investigated the consequences of overexpressing H2A.Z and mutant proteins during X. laevis development. Overexpression of H2A.Z slowed development following gastrulation. Altering the extended acidic patch of H2A.Z reversed this effect. Remarkably, modification of a single stabilizing histidine residue located on the exposed surface of an H2A.Z containing nucleosome was sufficient to disrupt normal trunk formation mimicking the effect observed by RNA interference. Taken together, these results argue that key determinants located on the surface of an H2A.Z nucleosome play an important specific role during embryonic patterning and provide a link between a chromatin structural modification and normal vertebrate development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Unique Residues on the H2A.Z Containing Nucleosome Surface Are Important for Xenopus laevis Development

Ridgway

Brown

Rangasamy

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Increased synthesis of H2A.Z has been reported during the myoblast-to-myotube transition [47]. Of note, an exchange of histone variants has been implicated in the chromatin conformation, which establishes the epigenetic memory responsible for muscle-restricted expression of MyoD [48].…”

Section: Swi/snf Sub-complexes and Cellular Differentiation: A Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

SWI/SNF complexes, chromatin remodeling and skeletal myogenesis: It's time to exchange!

Albini

Puri

2010

Experimental Cell Research

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Skeletal muscle differentiation relies on the coordinated activation and repression of specific subsets of genes. This reflects extensive changes in chromatin architecture, composition of chromatinassociated complexes and histone modifications at the promoter/enhancer elements of skeletal muscle genes. An early, key event in the activation of muscle-specific gene transcription is the disruption of the repressive conformation imposed by nucleosomes, which impede the access of pioneer transcription factors, such as the muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors MyoD and Myf5, to their DNA-binding sites. This review focuses on our current understanding of the role of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex in the activation of the myogenic program, by inducing conformational changes permissive for muscle-gene expression. Recent findings suggest that specific combinations of individual SWI/SNF components can generate sub-complexes with specialized functions that are engaged at sequential stages of muscle-gene activation -e.g. initial displacement of the nucleosome followed by the loading of the complete myogenic transcriptosome that promotes gene transcription. SWI/SNF composition and function is regulated by the exchange of specific variants of structural sub-units. In turn, an exchange of histone variants and related epigenetic modifications might reflect the impact of distinct SWI/SNF complexes on the architecture and activity of target promoter/enhancer elements. Thus, the SWI/SNF complexes should be regarded not just as simple executors of the program imposed by transcription factors, but as multifaceted "readers" and "shapers" of the chromatin/DNA landscape within target muscle genes along the transition from myoblasts to myotubes.

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“…These features are thought to be important in the post-transcriptional regulation of these proteins (Old and Woodland 1984). Some variants exchange with the pre-existing histones during development and differentiation, and are therefore referred to as replacement histones (Brandt et al 1979;Zweidler 1984;Wunsch et al 1991;Bosch and Suau 1995). This replacement often results in the variants becoming the predominant species in the differentiated cell (Pina and Suau 1987;Wunsch et al 1991).…”

Section: An Introduction To the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some variants exchange with the pre-existing histones during development and differentiation, and are therefore referred to as replacement histones (Brandt et al 1979;Zweidler 1984;Wunsch et al 1991;Bosch and Suau 1995). This replacement often results in the variants becoming the predominant species in the differentiated cell (Pina and Suau 1987;Wunsch et al 1991). These observations have led to the suggestion that the histone variants have specialized functions regulating chromatin dynamics.…”

Section: An Introduction To the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone variants: deviants?

Kamakaka

Biggins²

2005

Genes Dev.

319

263

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Histones are a major component of chromatin, the protein-DNA complex fundamental to genome packaging, function, and regulation. A fraction of histones are nonallelic variants that have specific expression, localization, and species-distribution patterns. Here we discuss recent progress in understanding how histone variants lead to changes in chromatin structure and dynamics to carry out specific functions. In addition, we review histone variant assembly into chromatin, the structure of the variant chromatin, and post-translational modifications that occur on the variants.

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Normal transitions in synthesis of replacement histones H2A.Z and H3.3 during differentiation of dystrophic myotube cells. A brief note

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Unique Residues on the H2A.Z Containing Nucleosome Surface Are Important for Xenopus laevis Development

Unique Residues on the H2A.Z Containing Nucleosome Surface Are Important for Xenopus laevis Development

SWI/SNF complexes, chromatin remodeling and skeletal myogenesis: It's time to exchange!

Histone variants: deviants?

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