Normal reference values of left ventricular strain using three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: results from a multicentre study

Abstract

Normal ranges of global and regional LV strain using 3DSTE have been established for clinical use. Differences in the magnitude of LV strain are present between men and women as well as different age groups. Moreover, there are differences between different segments, walls, and levels as part of the functional non-uniformity of the normal LV that necessitates the use of segment-specific normal ranges for radial and longitudinal strains. Circumferential and area strains demonstrate the most consistent normal ranges overall.

Volumetric and functional assessment of a left ventricular aneurysm from a single acquisition by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (from the MAGYAR-Path Study)

“…It has been shown that detailed 3D segmental assessment of the LVA function shows different pattern of thinning-thickening with quantitative data as compared to the normal functioning myocardium. [6] Further studies with large patient numbers are warranted to confirm the diagnostic and prognostic impact of 3DSTE-derived LVA volumetric and strain/rotational parameters alone or in combination with LV data. Apart from the known limitations of 3DSTE, [7] a comparative evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was not possible in this case to confirm accuracy of 3DSTE-derived volumetric evaluation.…”

Left ventricular deformation abnormalities in a patient with calpainopathy—a case from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study

“…In the presented case with calpainopathy, routine echocardiographic examination did not confirm systolic or diastolic heart failure. However, over reduced LV strains, significantly increased LV apical rotation and LV twist were found indicating asymptomatic subclinical (latent) LV dysfunction (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values

“…Pregnant or lactating women, athletes, and subjects addicted to alcohol were also excluded by a few authors (15,16,60), and some studies also evaluated smoking (15,21,38,82), anaemia and fever (15,16) as exclusion criteria. However, in some studies (15,19,38,43,52,54,63,82), inclusion criteria were well defined, in other sufficiently explained (20,21,24,30,50,52,61,67,70,74,76), while in few works the criteria were more generic (23,24,26,58,59,69,73).…”

“…Almost all studies presented data as mean values (plus or minus standard deviation) normalised by gender, age groups and at times indexed by body surface area (BSA) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(34)(35)(36)38,50,58,59,61,90,91). A few studies used percentile (35,72,(76)(77)(78)80) and one study employed z scores (41) that are commonly used in the pediatric age group.…”