Normal Reference Laboratory Values

Kratz, Alexander; Ferraro, Maryjane; Sluss, Patrick M.; Lewandrowski, Kent

doi:10.1056/nejmcpc049016

Cited by 501 publications

(287 citation statements)

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“…When the reference group consisted of men from the general population, reference values have been very dispersed (with an upper limit varying from 7.73 IU/l (19) to 18.66 IU/l (31)). Therefore, our result was lower than the laboratory reference values usually suggested for FSH (32).…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinologycontrasting

confidence: 53%

The serum inhibin B concentration and reference ranges in normozoospermia

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Sigala

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Although an inhibin B assay may be useful in the assessment of testicular function in a number of genital conditions, reliable reference ranges are still lacking. The present study sought to establish the reference range for serum inhibin B by applying the updated Gen II assay. Design: This prospective study included 818 men referred for semen analysis: 377 were normozoospermic (reference group) and 441 presented at least one abnormal semen parameter (case group). Methods: Semen parameters were interpreted according to the 2010 World Health Organization manual and David's modified classification for normal morphology. The inhibin B concentration was determined with the current ELISA. Results: In the reference group, the 2.5th percentile for inhibin B was 92 pg/ml and the 97.5th percentile for FSH was 7.8 IU/l. In the overall population, an inhibin B level !92 pg/ml was associated with increased odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) for oligozoospermia (16.93 (9.82-29.18), P!0.0001), asthenozoospermia (4.87 (2.88-8.10), P!0.0001), and teratozoospermia (2.20 (1.31-3.68), PZ0.0026). The combination of a FSH O7.8 IU/l and an inhibin B !92 pg/ml was associated with greater OR for oligozoospermia (98.74 (23.99-406.35), P!0.0001) than for each hormone considered separately. Conclusions: A new reference range for serum inhibin B was established by the use of updated immunoassay. The correlations between hormone levels and semen parameters highlighted the importance of establishing these values with respect to the spermogram. When combined with FSH assay, the inhibin B range may be of value in the evaluation of spermatogenesis in a number of male genital conditions.

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Section: European Journal Of Endocrinologycontrasting

confidence: 53%

The serum inhibin B concentration and reference ranges in normozoospermia

Barbotin

Ballot

Sigala

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The concentration ranges of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ ions in blood are 136.0–145.0, 3.5–5.0, 1.1–1.4, and 0.8–1.2 mmol L −1 , respectively. [32] The error of glucose concentration readings in the presence of ion variation corresponds to Na + (−1.435%), K + (−0.097%), Ca 2+ (−0.002%), and Mg 2+ (−0.023%) ions. The combined maximum ionic strength effect of blood electrolytes corresponds to ~1.55% shrinkage in the hydrogel fiber.…”

Section: Hydrogel Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

et al. 2017

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Optical fibers are widely used in biomedical applications for sensing, imaging, and therapies. Unlike existing solid-state optical fibers, soft polymer and hydrogel fibers offer physical and chemical properties well suited for functionalization with biomolecules and long-term implantation in the body. Here, hydrogel optical fibers are fabricated with glucose-sensitive moieties and the swelling-induced sensing is demonstrated. The core of the fiber is made of poly(acrylamide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) (p(AM-co-PEGDA)) hydrogel functionalized with phenylboronic acid. The complexation of the phenylboronic acid and cis diols of glucose molecules lowers the apparent pKa of the hydrogel network and increases the concentration of the boronate anions that enhances the Donnan osmotic pressure to swell and change the physical size of the hydrogel optical fiber. This mechanism is reversible through ester group dynamic covalent binding of the phenylboronic acid with glucose molecules. Dynamic changes in the effective RI of the hydrogel optical fiber are measured through light propagation loss. The sensor sensitivity to glucose concentration is 1.2 mmol L−1 over a physiological range of 1–12 mmol L−1. The biocompatible hydrogel optical fibers may be subcutaneously implanted for continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose concentrations.

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“…We, thus, designed our initial tests to match physiological pH (7.40 ± 0.02) and osmolality (295 ± 15 mOsm/kg). [52] (Other values of these parameters may also be useful for a rapid test, as long as they are controlled. Changing either value may require adjusting densities to reflect the shifts in density that can occur in the population of red blood cells.)…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Bench to the Field in Low‐Cost Diagnostics: Two Case Studies

et al. 2015

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Despite the growth of research in universities on point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics for global health, most devices never leave the laboratory. The processes that move diagnostic technology from the laboratory to the field—the processes intended to evaluate operation and performance under realistic conditions—are more complicated than they might seem. Two case studies illustrate this process: the development of a paper‐based device to measure liver function, and the development of a device to identify sickle cell disease based on aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS) and differences in the densities of normal and sickled cells. Details of developing these devices provide strategies for forming partnerships, prototyping devices, designing studies, and evaluating POC diagnostics. Technical and procedural lessons drawn from these experiences may be useful to those designing diagnostic tests for developing countries, and more generally, technologies for use in resource‐limited environments.

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Normal Reference Laboratory Values

Cited by 501 publications

References 0 publications

The serum inhibin B concentration and reference ranges in normozoospermia

The serum inhibin B concentration and reference ranges in normozoospermia

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

From the Bench to the Field in Low‐Cost Diagnostics: Two Case Studies

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