Normal Ranges of Renal Physiological Parameters for Technetium-99m Mercaptoacetyltriglycine and the Influence of Age and Sex Using a Camera-Based Method

Abstract

162 normal Chinese men and women underwent a ^99mTc MAG3 renal study. Seventy-two males and 90 females were evaluated in 5 age groups: group 1, 61–80 years; group 2, 51–60 years; group 3, 41–50 years; group 4, 31–40 years, and group 5, 21–30 years. Each subject was required to fit the following criteria: (1) clinically no history of renal, urinary disorders and systemic diseases, normal blood pressure, kidney morphology, urinary examination and serum creatinine, and (2) for the gamma camera study normal hydration and renal images, and no pelvic, ureteric dilatation or retention of tracer should be found. The normal range of common physiological parameters for ^99mTc MAG3 renal studies was measured in normal subjects. The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, camera-based Schlegel method), percent function in each kidney (renal index, RI), time of peak renal parenchymal activity (T_max) and half time of parenchymal activity following the peak (T¹/₂) were evaluated. The T_max and T¹/₂ were determined with regions of interest over the entire kidney. The results showed that (1) between the sexes, there were no significant differences for any parameter; (2) between the age groups, the only significant difference was a decrease in ERPF, normalized for body surface area, with increasing age (group 1, 511.3 ± 91.2; group 2, 559.5 ± 102.1; group 3, 577.1 ± 79.2; group 4, 607.8 ± 101.1, and group 5, 610.2 ± 109.2), and (3) the RI, T_max and T¹/₂ were symmetrical and did not vary between the sexes or age groups (left vs. right: RI = 49.6 ± 2.2 vs. 50.4 ± 2.2%, T_max = 3.63 ± 1.13 vs. 3.75 ± 1.11 min, and T¹/₂ = 5.38 ± 1.65 vs. 5.83 ± 1.88 min). We find that (1) ERPF for ^99mTc MAG3 decreases with age in normal Chinese, which is similar to the results of Western countries, and (2) the RI, T_max and T¹/₂ were symmetrical and did not vary between the sexes or age groups in normal Chinese, and are also similar to the results of Western countries.

Decision Support Systems in Diuresis Renography

“…The mean postvoid/max whole kidney count ratio was <0.1 (Table 1) and the mean postvoid residual bladder volume was <30 mL ( Table 2). These results confirm and extend previous studies [46][47][48] and establish normal limits adjusted for age and gender. 45 The mean camera-based MAG3 clearance corrected for body surface area was 321 ± 69 mL/ min/1.73 m 2 (Table 3).…”

Determination of Split Renal Function by 3D Reconstruction of CT Angiograms: A Comparison with Gamma Camera Renography

“…The renogram has been demonstrated to have a relatively wide variance in normal values due to anatomical variation in the location and depth of the kidneys, patient body habitus, inconsistencies between examiners in the selection of the region of interest and the time to peak, as well as a variety of algorithms for calculating renal clearance. The average variance between repeat scans by the same operator on consecutive days is +/- 2% but up to 8% variation has been reported in standardization trials [3, 4]. Other patient factors such as state of diuresis can compound this variation, further reducing the reproducibility of this method.…”

Reference values for 99mTc‐MAG3 renography determined in healthy, potential renal donors

“…Pharmacokinetic comparative studies have shown, that the MAG 3 and OIH renogram curves are quite similar (Taylor et al ., 1986; Coveney & Robbins, 1987; Russell et al ., 1988; Bubeck et al ., 1990; Müller‐Suur et al ., 1990; Prenen et al ., 1991) and that MAG 3 has a higher plasma‐protein‐binding (Taylor et al ., 1986; Coveney & Robbins, 1987; Russell et al ., 1988; Bubeck et al ., 1990; Prenen et al ., 1991), a smaller volume of distribution (Bubeck et al ., 1990; Müller‐Suur et al ., 1990; Prenen et al ., 1991) and a lower affinity to the tubular system (Bubeck et al ., 1990; Russell et al ., 1988). Normal ranges of different physiological parameters for 99m Tc‐MAG 3 renography have been presented (Taylor et al ., 1986; Taylor et al ., 1988; Klingensmith et al ., 1994; El‐Galley et al ., 1998; Lin et al ., 1998) (Table 5). This study is the first European study.…”