Normal Polysomnographic Values for Children and Adolescents

Cl, Marcus; Kj, Omlin; Dj, Basinki; Sl, Bailey; Ab, Rachal; Ws, von Pechmann; Tg, Keens; Sl, Ward

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/146.5_pt_1.1235

Cited by 721 publications

(497 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In brief, sleep staging was assessed using standard criteria (31). The obstructive AHI was defined as the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of total sleep time, and obstructive apnea was defined as the absence of airflow with continued chest wall and abdominal movement for a duration of at least two breaths (32,33). Hypopneas were defined as a decrease in nasal flow of 50% or more with a corresponding decrease in Sp O 2 of 4% or more and/or arousal (32).…”

Section: Overnight Polysomnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukotriene Modifier Therapy for Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children

Goldbart

Goldman

Veling

et al. 2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

283

157

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Background: Children with mild sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), who may not be recommended for adenotonsillectomy, frequently exhibit neurocognitive and behavioral morbidity, and may benefit from alternative therapeutic interventions, such as leukotriene modifier therapy. Methods: Twenty-four children with SDB completed an open-label intervention study for 16 weeks with daily montelukast therapy. Sleep studies and adenoid size estimates from lateral X-ray films of the neck were obtained before and after treatment. In a parallel study, adenoid and tonsillar tissues from children with obstructive sleep apnea or recurrent throat infections were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for gene and protein expression of leukotriene receptors LT1-R and LT2-R, and for concentrations of LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4. Results: Montelukast treatment induced significant reductions in adenoid size and respiratory-related sleep disturbances, which were absent in 16 children with SDB who did not receive treatment. LT1-R and LT2-R mRNA was similarly abundant in adenoid tissues, but increased LT1-R and LT2-R protein expression and higher levels of LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4 emerged in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusions: Oral therapy with a leukotriene modifier appears to be associated with improved breathing during sleep. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials will be needed to corroborate current findings and solidly establish antiinflammatory strategies, such as leukotriene modifiers, as therapeutic alternatives in children with SDB too mild to justify referral for adenotonsillectomy.

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Section: Overnight Polysomnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukotriene Modifier Therapy for Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children

Goldbart

Goldman

Veling

et al. 2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

283

157

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“…Obstructive sleep apnea for this study was defined as an AHI 1 event/hr. 7,8,16,17 The central apnea index (CAI) was defined as the number of central apneas per hour of sleep. Oximetry artifacts in the pulse waveform tracing were discarded manually following visual inspection of traces, and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was defined as the number of desaturations (drop in SaO 2 4% of baseline value) per hour of sleep.…”

Section: Respiratory Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was previously validated and found to have overall agreement with conventional polysomnography for a sleep/wakefulness discrimination of 94%. 16 Total sleep time (TST) was quantitated, and respiratory parameters were expressed as a percentage of TST.…”

Section: Respiratory Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Prader‐Willi Syndrome

Pavone

Paglietti

Petrone

et al. 2005

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Summary. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) in pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), and to describe the postoperative complications. Five patients (4 males; median age, 4.4 years; range, 1.6-14.2 years) were studied. All patients underwent an overnight cardiorespiratory sleep study. All patients had adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH), and two were also obese. The preoperative obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI; median and range) was 12.2 (9.0-19.9) events/hr; the mean oxygen saturation was 95 (79-96)%; the nadir oxygen saturation was 71 (58-78)%; and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was 15.8 (11.4-35.9) events/hr. Preoperatively, patients were classified as having moderate to severe OSA. A second sleep study, performed 16 (3-43) months after adenotonsillectomy, showed a significant decrease in AHI (P ¼ 0.009) and ODI (P ¼ 0.009). Mean and nadir oxygen saturation did not differ significantly postsurgery (P ¼ 0.188, P ¼ 0.073, respectively). Four out of five children showed at least one postoperative complication. Difficult awakening from anesthesia, hemorrhages, and respiratory complications requiring reintubation and/or supplemental oxygen administration were observed. In conclusion, patients with PWS and OSA who underwent adenotonsillectomy showed a significant decrease in AHI and number of oxygen desaturations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:74-79.

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“…Recording lasted for at least 4 h. Desaturation was defined as SPO 2 \92 % [14]. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was calculated.…”

Section: Control Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sleep studies, oxygen desaturation has been defined as decrease C4 % from baseline [12,13], or any value less than 92 % [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Oxygen Saturation of Normal Children with that of Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy

Mbam

Adeosun

Akinyemi

et al. 2014

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To compare the nocturnal oxygen saturation profiles of children with adenotonsillar enlargement with that of normal children. A 1 year comparative study. The study was carried out at the Otorhinolaryngology Ward of the University College Hospital Ibadan. These comprise of 60 children (1-9 years) with clinically confirmed adenotonsillar enlargement admitted for adenotonsillectomy and 60 normal children matched for age and sex. The biodata and common clinical presentations of the study group were acquired with a structured proforma. The severity of nasopharyngeal obstruction was determined by the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio while the degree of tonsillar enlargement was graded by the Brodsky's classification. The nocturnal oxygen saturation of all the participants were recorded with a wrist worn pulse oximeter. Recording was for at least for 4 h. Oxygen saturation \92 % was regarded as desaturation. The oximetric values of the study and control group were compared. The mean nocturnal SPO 2 (peripheral saturation of oxygen) profiles of children with adenotonsillar enlargement were as follows: basal = 96.86 %, minimum = 84.99 %; maximum = 99 % and average SPO 2 \92 % = 87.74 % while the saturation profiles of the control group were as follows; basal = 97.88 %, minimum = 89.71 %; maximum = 99 %, average SPO 2 \92 % = 90.82 %. Normal children have better nocturnal saturation profiles than children with adenotonsillar enlargement.

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Normal Polysomnographic Values for Children and Adolescents

Cited by 721 publications

References 7 publications

Leukotriene Modifier Therapy for Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children

Leukotriene Modifier Therapy for Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children

Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Prader‐Willi Syndrome

Comparing Oxygen Saturation of Normal Children with that of Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy

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