Normal patterns of expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins on different subsets of peripheral blood cells: A frame of reference for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and related disorders by flow cytometry

“…However, there are emerging data from external quality assurance (EQA) programs that indicate that some reagents are inferior to others, at least with respect to their ability to detect GPI-anchored antigens on stabilized cells. For example, although CD55 and CD59 are widely used for detecting granulocyte PNH clones, there are data to suggest that these reagents may not perform as well as antibodies to other antigens in PNH testing (24)(25)(26). Moreover, the increasing use of flow cytometry to detect small clones has magnified differences among reagents, as some reagents suitable for detecting large, obvious clones perform less well in higher sensitivity analysis.…”

“…This is a fluorochrome-conjugated inactive variant of the bacterially derived channel-forming protein aerolysin, which binds specifically to GPI-anchors. FLAER may offer significant advantages as a reagent for PNH testing; in contrast with antibodies against many of the GPI-linked antigens normally studied (25,27,28), its binding is less sensitive to the maturational stage of the cells. FLAER can also be used in multicolor combinations with monoclonal antibodies to GPI-linked and non-GPI antigens for the detection of PNH clones (29).…”

Therapeutic implications of variable expression of CD52 on clonal cytotoxic T cells in CD8+ large granular lymphocyte leukemia

“…[30][31][32] In both conditions, use of the drug has resulted in profound lymphocyte depletion, affecting all lymphocyte subsets, yet it should be noted that the intensity of CD52 expression varies among lymphocyte subsets, with highest expression on CD4 and B cells, moderate expression on CD8 cells, and heterogeneous expression on NK cells. 33 Alemtuzumab was approved in 2001 for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies in which alkylating agents and fludarabine therapy had failed. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of current therapies for CD8 + T-LGL leukemia including alemtuzumab and investigated the mechanism of alemtuzumab resistance.…”

Issue Highlights—January 2013

“…NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease clinically characterized by intravascular hemolysis, bone marrow failure, and the high tendency to thrombosis (14). It is caused by a mutation in the phosphatidyl inositol glycan-class A gene leading to partial or complete loss of the cell membrane molecule called glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) (15,16 (14), data analysis has not been standardized.…”

“…It is caused by a mutation in the phosphatidyl inositol glycan-class A gene leading to partial or complete loss of the cell membrane molecule called glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) (15,16 (14), data analysis has not been standardized. The majority of current analytical methods use manual gating to enumerate PNH cells (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) although new automated analysis techniques that improve the objectivity of operator input have also been recently developed (19). Gating strategies imply the recognition of the various cell types (monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, and red blood cells) based on the expression of various phenotypic markers.…”