Normal Non-HDL Cholesterol, Low Total Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State: A Case-Control Study of Tema Metropolis

Abstract

Background. Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the lipid profile and non-HDL cholesterol level of SCD patients. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 SCD patients, in the steady state, aged 8–28 years, attending the SCD clinic, and 50 healthy volunteers between the ages of 8–38 years. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and non-HDL cholesterol calculated by this formula: non-HDL-C = TC-HDL-C. Results. Total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.0001) were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls. The levels of non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were similar among the participants. The levels of decrease in TC and HDL were associated with whether a patient was SCD-SS or SCD-SC. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were each significantly associated with increased VLDL [SBP, p = 0.01, OR: 0.74 (CI: 0.6–0.93); DBP, p = 0.023, OR: 1.45 (CI: 1.05–2.0)]. Conclusion. Dyslipidemia is common among participants in this study. It was more pronounced in the SCD-SS than in SCD-SC. This dyslipidemia was associated with high VLDL as well as increased SBP and DBP.

Lipid profiles in French West Indies sickle cell disease cohorts, and their general population

“…Moreover, if SCC lipids profile presents intermediate values between GGP and SCA, the distinction between SCA and SCC lipid profiles is partially due to higher TG levels in SCA, with unexpected similar values of SCA apoB levels than in SCC. This observation is consistent with the presence of high levels of very low density lipoproteins in SCA [ 16 , 28 ].…”

“…In contrast to SCA, the plasma lipid profile of SCC patients has been poorly described up to now [ 7 , 10 , 16 ]. This study clearly revealed two very different SCC and SCA lipid profiles, both of them being distinct from their GGP’s.…”

“…Yet, no precise information about lipid profile and their role in the pathophysiology is currently available for SCC adult patients. Unless recently [ 14 , 16 ], the rare studies including both SCA and SCC patients did not analyze lipids according to sickle genotypes [ 7 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 3 Haplotypes in Sickle Cell Disease Are Associated with Lipid Profile and Clinical Manifestations

“…Non-HDL-C is a cholesterol carried by apolipoprotein B, including those carried by LDL-C and VLDL-C, and is considered a useful marker of atherosclerosis [ 48 ]. Previous studies performed in individuals with cardiovascular disease reported high non-HDL-C levels [ 49 , 50 ]; however, no significant alterations in non-HDL-C levels were found in SCD individuals [ 32 ].…”

“…TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and triglyceride/HDL-C ratios were calculated to evaluate cardiovascular risk [ 27 – 31 ]. In addition, non-HDL-C was calculated by TC–HDL-C [ 32 ].…”