Normal memory and no confabulation after extensive damage to the orbitofrontal cortex

Fujii, Toshikatsu; Suzuki, Maki; Suzuki, Kyoko; Ohtake, Hiroto; Tsukiura, Takashi; Miura, Rina

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.061846

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the encoding of episodes that lead either to a species-typical reward or punishment could be facilitated through the orbitofrontal input. One implication of this relationship is that lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex would not be expected to have a profound impact on making new episodic memories (Fujii, Suzuki et al 2005) although the differential encoding a salient versus nonsalient information may be impaired. Interestingly, Ranganath et al (Ranganath, Heller et al 2005) have demonstrated that there is increased functional connectivity between the hippocampal formation and the orbitofrontal cortex (but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) during successful memory formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: IV. Topographical and laminar organization of cortical afferents

Insausti

Amaral

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

108

120

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The nonhuman primate entorhinal cortex is the primary interface for information flow between the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. Based on previous retrograde tracer studies, neocortical afferents to the macaque monkey entorhinal cortex originate largely in polysensory cortical association areas. However, the topographical and laminar distributions of cortical inputs to the entorhinal cortex have not yet been comprehensively described. The present study examines the regional and laminar termination of projections within the entorhinal cortex arising from different cortical areas. The study is based on a library of fifty-one 3H-amino acid injections that involve most of the afferent regions of the entorhinal cortex. The range of termination patterns was broad. Some areas, such as the medial portion of orbitofrontal area 13 and parahippocampal areas TF and TH, project widely within the entorhinal cortex. Other areas have a more focal and regionally selective termination. The lateral orbitofrontal, insular, anterior cingulate and perirhinal cortices, for example, project only to rostral levels of the entorhinal cortex. The upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus projects mainly to intermediate levels of the entorhinal cortex and the parietal and retrosplenial cortices project to caudal levels. The projections from some of these cortical regions preferentially terminate in the superficial layers (I–III) of the entorhinal cortex whereas others project more heavily to the deep layers (V–VI). Thus, some of the cortical inputs may be more influential on the cortically directed outputs of the hippocampal formation or on gating neocortical information flow into the other fields of the hippocampal formation rather than contributing to the perforant path inputs to other hippocampal fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: IV. Topographical and laminar organization of cortical afferents

Insausti

Amaral

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

108

120

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“…Thus, the encoding of episodes that lead to a species‐typical reward or punishment could be facilitated through the orbitofrontal input. One implication of this relationship is that lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex would not be expected to have a profound impact on making new episodic memories (Fujii et al,2005), although the differential encoding of salient vs. nonsalient information may be impaired. Interestingly, Ranganath et al (2005) have demonstrated that there is increased functional connectivity between the hippocampal formation and the orbitofrontal cortex (but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) during successful memory formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High risk of contralateral breast carcinoma in women with hereditary/familial non‐BRCA1/BRCA2 breast carcinoma

Shahedi

Emanuelsson

Wiklund

et al. 2006

Cancer

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Objective To compare 2 groups of children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), those with onset of symptoms before their fifth birthday versus those whose disease begins either on or after their fifth birthday, and to assess whether age at onset is associated with differences in disease presentation, treatments received, or outcomes 2 years after diagnosis. Methods Data were analyzed on children recruited to a UK juvenile DM cohort study with a diagnosis of probable or definite juvenile DM and less than 12 months between diagnosis and recruitment. Results Fifty‐five (35%) of 157 children had onset of symptoms before their fifth birthday. At diagnosis, cutaneous ulceration was found in 32.7% of the younger group versus 11.8% of the older group (P = 0.003). Facial or body swelling was reported more often in the younger group, whereas headaches, alopecia, and Raynaud's phenomenon were all more frequently reported in the older group. At followup 2 years later, there were no important differences in outcomes between the groups. More than 90% of patients in both groups received both methotrexate and steroids. Twenty‐three percent of both groups remained on steroids 2 years after diagnosis. Conclusion Our study showed that children with juvenile DM with disease onset at age <5 years are more likely to present with ulcerative skin disease and edema. There were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between the 2 groups.

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“…The general view in clinical neuropsychology is that changes in behavior, especially following frontal lobe lesion, are strongly related to deficits in executive functions. However, despite the above-described changes in behavior, most patients appear to be cognitively intact, at least when assessed by means of standard neuropsychological tasks appealing to executive functions (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000;Fujii et al, 2005;Reid-Arndt et al, 2007;Namiki et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior

Jonker

Scheltens

et al. 2015

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in behavior and is a common site for damage due to different types of injuries, e.g., closed head injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors, neurosurgical interventions. Despite the (severe) behavioral changes following OFC lesions, persons with damage to the OFC appear to be cognitively intact, i.e., at least when assessed by means of standard neuropsychological tests. Meanwhile, neuropsychological tests addressing reversal learning, gambling, and social cognition show a decline in these patients. The goal of the present review is to link the performance of these latter neuropsychological tests to behavior. The results suggest that in patients with orbitofrontal lesions, reversal learning is more associated with behavioral disinhibition and that impairment in recognition of expressed emotion is more associated with social inappropriate behavior. The faux pas test (theory of mind) appears not to be sensitive to orbitofrontal lesions. Future studies should involve a larger numbers of patients with well-defined locations in the OFC and should integrate specific neuropsychological tests and quantitative behavioral measures to better understand the contribution of the OFC to cognition and behavior.

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Normal memory and no confabulation after extensive damage to the orbitofrontal cortex

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: IV. Topographical and laminar organization of cortical afferents

Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: IV. Topographical and laminar organization of cortical afferents

High risk of contralateral breast carcinoma in women with hereditary/familial non‐BRCA1/BRCA2 breast carcinoma

The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior

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