“…This implies that resonant modes with arbi- * Corresponding author: mayylu@cityu.edu.hk trarily high Q-factors can be created by modifying the structure [40] or varying a physical parameter such as a component of the Bloch wavevector [41,42]. Applications of optical BICs include lasing [43], sensing [45], filtering [46,47], switching [48], nonlinear optics [41,49], etc. They are mostly related to the high-Q resonances, and are based on local fields enhanced by the resonances [50,51], or special features in scattering, transmission or other spectra [52,53].…”