Normal faulting from simple shear rifting in South Tibet, using evidence from passive seismic profiling across the Yadong-Gulu Rift

Zhang, Zhongjie; Chen, Yun; Yuan, Xiaohui; Tian, Xiaobo; Klemperer, S. L.; Xu, Tao; Bai, Zhiming; Zhang, Hongshuang; Wu, Ji; Teng, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.019

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Reftek-72A/130 data loggers. We also recorded a 10-station profile across the northern YGR (Zhang et al, 2013) (Figure 1). We include all other currently available seismic data to provide a body-wave travel-time tomography model that is clearly improved over earlier work (Figures S1 and S2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging of subducting and fragmenting Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern and central Tibet using body-wave finite-frequency tomography

Liang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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102

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We perform a finite-frequency tomographic inversion to image 3D velocity structures beneath southern and central Tibet using teleseismic body-wave data recorded by the TIBET-31N passive seismic array as well as waveforms from previous temporary seismic arrays. High-velocity bodies dip ~40° northward beneath the Himalaya and the Lhasa Terrane. We interpret these high-velocity anomalies as subducting Indian Continental Lithosphere (ICL). The ICL appears to extend further north in central Tibet than in eastern Tibet, reaching 350 km depth at ~31°N along 85°E but at ~30°N along 91°E. Low P-and S-wave velocity anomalies extend from the lower crust to ≥180 km depth beneath the Tangra Yum Co Rift, Yadong-Gulu Rift, and the Cona Rift, suggesting that rifting in southern Tibet may involve the entire lithosphere. The anomaly beneath Tangra Yum Co Rift extends down to about 180 km, whereas the anomalies west of the Yadong-Gulu Rift and east of the Cona Rift extend to more than 300 km depth. The low-velocity upper mantle west of the Yadong-Gulu Rift extends furthest north and appears to connect with the extensive upper-mantle low-velocity region beneath central Tibet. Thus the northward-subducting Indian Plate is fragmented along north-south breaks that permit or induce asthenospheric upwellings indistinguishable from the upper mantle of northern Tibet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging of subducting and fragmenting Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern and central Tibet using body-wave finite-frequency tomography

Liang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Self Cite

150

102

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“…Although evidence for the subduction of the Indian plate appears to be sufficient, the distance of extension of the Indian crust (and/or mantle) is still unclear. As the most effective and practical geophysical methods, seismic imaging (Gao et al 2013;Karplus et al 2011;Kind et al 2002;Nabelek et al 2009;Nabelek and Nabelek 2014;Xu et al 2015a, b;Zhang et al 2011Zhang et al , 2013Zhao et al 2011Zhao et al , 2014aZhao and Nelson 1993) and magnetotelluric (MT) data modeling (Chen et al 1996;Le Pape et al 2012;Unsworth et al 2004Unsworth et al , 2005Wei et al 2001) have been widely applied to study the deep evolution and tectonic processes of the plateau over the past decades. Results of previous seismological studies have revealed some details for the extension Liang et al 2016;Tian et al 2015;Xu et al 2015a;Zhang et al 2015Zhang et al , 2016Zhang et al , 2011Zhao et al 2014b) and we believe that MT data can provide some indirect information to obtain a more comprehensive model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Indian crustal front in the southern Tibetan Plateau as revealed by magnetotelluric data

Xie

Jin

Wei

et al. 2017

Earth Planets Space

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In the southern Tibetan plateau, which is considered to be the ongoing India-Eurasia continental collision zone, tracing of the Indian crustal front beneath Tibet is still controversial. We conducted deep subsurface electrical modeling in southern Tibet and discuss the geometry of the front of the Indian crust. Three areas along the Yarlung-Zangbo river zone for which previous magnetotelluric (MT) data are available were inverted independently using a three-dimensional MT inversion algorithm ModEM. Electrical horizontal slices at different depths and north-south oriented cross sections at different longitudes were obtained to provide a geoelectrical perspective for deep processes beneath the Tethyan Himalaya and Lhasa terrane. Horizontal slices at depths greater than − 15 km show that the upper crust is covered with resistive layers. Below a depth of − 20 km, discontinuous conductive distributions are primarily concentrated north of the Yarlung-Zangbo sutures (YZS) and could be imaged from mid-to lower crust. The results show that the maximum depth to which the resistive layers extend is over − 20 km, while the mid-to lower crustal conductive zones extend to depths greater than − 50 km. The results indicate that the conductive region in the mid-to lower crust can be imaged primarily from the YZS to south of the Bangong-Nujiang sutures in western Tibet and to ~ 31°N in eastern Tibet. The northern front of the conductive zones appears as an irregular barrier to the Indian crust from west to east. We suggest that a relatively less conductive subsurface in the northern portion of the barrier indicates a relatively cold and strong crust and that the front of the Indian crust might be halted in the south of the barrier. We suggest that the Indian crustal front varies from west to east and has at least reached: ~ 33.5°N at ~ 80°E, ~ 31°N at ~ 85°E, and ~ 30.5°N at ~ 87°E and ~ 92°E.

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“…East-west extension (Molnar et al, 1993) revealed by north-south trending rifts and normal faults as well as postcollisional magmatism (Figure 17a) featuring potassic, ultrapotassic, and adakitic volcanic rocks (Chung et al, 2005) are two keys in understanding the uplift history of the central Tibet. Recent research suggested a close link between the lithospheric structures and mantle dynamics of central Tibet and the evolution of surface tectonics (Chen et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2013). However, there have been considerable controversy discussions on the upper-mantle structure of central Tibet, including debate over the morphology of subducting IL (e.g., Chen et al, 2017;Kosarev et al, 1999;Liang et al, 2012;Tilmann et al, 2003;Zhou & Murphy, 2005).…”

Section: Central Tibetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau From Iterative Finite‐Frequency Tomography Based on ChinArray: New Insights Into the Indo‐Asian Collision

et al. 2020

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Indo‐Asian continental collision has contributed to the growth of the Tibetan Plateau, which is one of the most prominent uplifts worldwide since Cenozoic. The crustal and upper‐mantle structures are key factors in understanding the evolutionary process as well as lateral growth of the plateau. We present a new 3‐D seismic model beneath the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, which uses a large‐scale dense array from iterative finite‐frequency tomography. The new tomographic images show obvious east‐west geometrical change of the northward Indian lithosphere by high‐velocity anomalies beneath Tibet. The high‐velocity anomaly extends to Pamir in the western side, but it only reaches north Lhasa in central and eastern Tibet. A convective removal of the thickened Tibetan lithosphere is observed as a high‐velocity anomaly, followed by a subvertical subduction of the Indian mantle lithosphere beneath the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture in central Tibet. We speculate its link to the widespread magmatism and rapid uplift of central Tibet in late Miocene. A high‐velocity gap between 100 and 250 km underneath the Longmenshan fault indicates that lithospheric delamination may play an important role in surface evolution between eastern Tibet and surrounding rigid blocks. Our detailed seismological model will give an insight into how the continents collide.

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Normal faulting from simple shear rifting in South Tibet, using evidence from passive seismic profiling across the Yadong-Gulu Rift

Cited by 36 publications

References 81 publications

3D imaging of subducting and fragmenting Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern and central Tibet using body-wave finite-frequency tomography

3D imaging of subducting and fragmenting Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern and central Tibet using body-wave finite-frequency tomography

Varying Indian crustal front in the southern Tibetan Plateau as revealed by magnetotelluric data

Seismic Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau From Iterative Finite‐Frequency Tomography Based on ChinArray: New Insights Into the Indo‐Asian Collision

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