Normal Eyelid Crease Position in Children

This study was conducted in an effort to determine the normal landmarks in the eyelids and eyebrows of newborns and the relationships between them. We also correlated all measurements with gender and head circumferences. The anthropometric measurements were performed on 86 normal term newborns (40 males and 46 females) in the first 48 hours after delivery. There was no significant difference between either sex, or between the right and left eyes. In contrast, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the head circumference and the horizontal fissure length (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant correlation was found between the upper eyelid crease distance and the horizontal and the vertical fissure lengths (r = 0.27, p < 0.01; r = 0.22, p < 0.05, respectively). The results indicate that the normal eyelid crease location may be used as a landmark for guidance to plan surgical and reconstructive procedures.

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Ocular and periorbital anthropometric measurements in term Turkish newborns

Özkağnıcı

Büyükmumcu

Zengin

et al. 2001

Surg Radiol Anat

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Topographic anatomy of the eyelids, and the effects of sex and age

Bosch

Leenders

Mulder

1999

British Journal of Ophthalmology

207

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Aims-To describe the eVects of sex and age on eyeball, eyelid, and eyebrow position. Methods-A cross sectional cohort study was performed in which both eyes of 320 normal subjects aged between 10 and 89 years were included. Of each 10 year age cohort, there were 20 men and 20 women. Frontal, as well as lateral, slides were taken of both eyes. On projected slides, a reference line through the medial canthi and vertical lines through the pupil centre and the lateral canthus were constructed. Using these lines, we measured the size of the horizontal eyelid fissure, the distance from the reference line to the pupil centre and to the lateral canthus, the distance between the pupil centre and the upper and lower eyelid margin, and the distance between the upper eyelid margin and the skin fold and eyebrow. On lateral slides, the distance between the lateral canthus and the anterior corneal surface was measured. Results-Between the ages of approximately 12 and 25 years, the horizontal eyelid fissure lengthened 3 mm, while the position of other eyelid structures remained virtually unchanged. Between the average ages of 35 and 85 years, the horizontal eyelid fissure gradually shortened again by about 2.5 mm. Meanwhile, the distance between the lateral canthal angle and the anterior corneal surface decreased almost 1.5 mm. Aging caused an increase of the distance between the pupil centre and the lower eyelid of about 1 mm in men, and 0.5 mm in women. Aging also caused a higher skin crease and raised eyebrows in men and women, but it did not aVect the position of the pupil centre and the lateral canthus. Men showed an 0.7 mm larger horizontal eyelid fissure than women. In women, however, the eyebrows were situated about 2.5 mm higher than in men. Conclusion-Aging mainly aVects the size of the horizontal eyelid fissure, which lengthens by about 10% between the ages of 12 and 25, and shortens by almost the same amount between middle age and old age. Aging causes sagging of the lower eyelid, especially in men, and a higher skin fold and eyebrow position in both sexes. Aging does not aVect the position of the eyeball proper, or of the lateral canthus. (Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:347-352) Aging may cause laxity of eyelid tissues and atrophy of the orbital fat. These changes contribute to the aetiology of several eyelid disorders such as ectropion, entropion, dermatochalasis, and aponeurogenic blepharoptosis.

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Palpebral Fissure Changes in Early Childhood

Paiva

Minare-Filho

Cruz³

2001

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus

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Purpose: To describe palpebral fissure changes during early childhood. Methods: Digital imaging was used to analyze the monocular palpebral fissure images of 185 children and 35 adults. Six variables were quantified for each eye: the distance between the pupil center and the upper and lower eyelid margin, the palpebral fissure area, and the obliquity and length of the fissure. The lower eyelid crease pattern also was evaluated qualitatively. Results: The upper eyelid was at its lowest position after birth, and the lower eyelid margin was close to the pupil center. Between ages 3 and 6 months, the position of the upper eyelid reached its maximum and then declined linearly. At the same time, the distance between the pupil center and the lower eyelid margin increased linearly until age 18 months when its position stabilized. Both the horizontal palpebral fissure length and the fissure area followed a logarithmic pattern of growth and were strongly correlated. The obliquity of the fissure was evident at an early age and did not change until adulthood. At birth, the most common pattern of the lower eyelid crease was a single crease. The number of individuals showing a double crease increased with age, and at approximately age 36 months, a double crease became the most common pattern. Conclusion: The palpebral fissure undergoes complex changes during infancy. An accurate knowledge of these changes is important for evaluating eyelid disorders in children. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2001;38:219-223.

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Normal Eyelid Crease Position in Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Ocular and periorbital anthropometric measurements in term Turkish newborns

Ocular and periorbital anthropometric measurements in term Turkish newborns

Topographic anatomy of the eyelids, and the effects of sex and age

Palpebral Fissure Changes in Early Childhood

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