Normal Defecation and Mechanisms for Continence

Quintana, Mônica Milinkovic de la; Lima, Tania; Santos, Vera Lúcia Conceição de Gouveia; Lopes, María Helena Baena de Moraes

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90704-8_4

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Proper diet and hydration should be also taken, in order to ensure the proper consistency of the stool [ 75 ]. Physical activity is also important here, which contributes to maintaining proper body weight and accelerating intestinal passage, thus avoiding constipation [ 13 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of Fecal Incontinencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal continence is possible due to the appropriate integrity of anatomical structures and neuromuscular function of the rectum and PFM, as well as rectal compliance and consistency of stool [ 13 , 14 ]. The anatomical structures responsible for stool continence include the rectum, anal canal, and PFM, including anal sphincters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above two muscles are striated muscles, mainly composed of slow twitch, type I fibers [ 18 ]. The rectum is supported by the levator ani muscle, which belongs to the pelvic floor muscles that support from below the rectum [ 13 ]. Part of the levator ani muscle, the puborectalis muscle, moving away from the pubic bone, runs backwards and wraps up in the form of loops around the rectum, forming the so-called Parks angle (i.e., the angle between the anus and the rectum) and closing the anal canal [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physiotherapy for Prevention and Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Women—Systematic Review of Methods

Mazur-Biały

Kołomańska-Bogucka

Opławski³

et al. 2020

JCM

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Fecal incontinence (FI) affects approximately 0.25–6% of the population, both men and women. The most common causes of FI are damage to/weakness of the anal sphincter muscle and/or pelvic floor muscles, as well as neurological changes in the central or peripheral nervous system. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a systematic review of the possibilities and effectiveness of physiotherapy techniques for the prevention and treatment of FI in women. For this purpose, the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for 2000–2020. A total of 22 publications qualified for detailed analysis. The studies showed that biofeedback (BF), anal sphincter muscle exercises, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), and electrostimulation (ES) are effective in relieving FI symptoms, as reflected in the International Continence Society recommendations (BF: level A; PFMT and ES: level B). Research has confirmed that physiotherapy, by improving muscle strength, endurance, and anal sensation, is beneficial in the prevention of FI, both as an independent method of conservative treatment or in pre/post-surgery treatment. Moreover, it can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. In conclusion, physiotherapy (in particular, BF, PFMT, or ES, as effective methods) should be one of the key elements in the comprehensive therapy of patients with FI.

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Section: Prevention Of Fecal Incontinencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%