Normal Changes in Spinal Bone Mineral Density in a Chinese Population: Assessment by Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Yu, Wei; Qin, M; Xu, Li; Kuijk, C. van; Meng, Xunwu; Xing, Xiaoping; Cao, Jianzhong; Genant, Harry K.

doi:10.1007/s001980050133

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In humans, although data did not agree because of the different nations or analysis methods used, most studies show that linear growth of bones ceases at around age 20, but the bones continue to mineralize until bone mass peaks in the third decade of life [16,35]. In our study, female cynomolgus monkeys manifested similar changes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Aging on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Biomarkers in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys.

et al. 2000

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Age-related changes in bone mineral content and bone biomarkers were assessed over the complete lifespan of female cynomolgus monkeys. The bone mass of the lumbar spine increased linearly from birth to about 2.5 years of age, and this increase gradually slowed thereafter until a peak bone mass was achieved at 9 years of age. The bone mass stabilized after 9 years of age, showing no sign of further reduction with age. In contrast with the significant increase in bone mass before 2.5 years of age, significant decreases occurred in the serum concentrations of the following bone formation markers: intact osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, but the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen did not change significantly throughout the entire lifespan. Concerning the bone resorption markers, the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase fluctuated throughout the entire lifespan. The skeleton of an aging female monkey undergoes changes similar to those observed in senescent humans, but did not undergo the menopausal changes seen in women. The use of female cynomolgus monkeys to model human skeletal interventions should therefore be undertaken with consideration of the similarities and differences between cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Key words: bone densitometry, bone formation marker, bone resorption marker, cynomolgus monkeys, life span include reproductive endocrinology (menarche, regular menstruation and spontaneous menopause) [15], increases in bone turnover [20] and bone loss [26] in association with estrogen depletion, and skeletal microarchitecture as revealed by histomorphometry [19,

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Aging on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Biomarkers in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys.

et al. 2000

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“…(21) The findings from this study and our previous work (2,21) are consistent with the study of Meier et al, (22) who also found substantial decreases in vertebral trabecular vBMD not only in older men, but also in young men <50 years of age. In addition, Yu et al (23) also showed significant decreases in vertebral trabecular vBMD in young and elderly women and men. Using peripheral and central QCT, Ito and colleagues (24,25) found that trabecular bone loss clearly increased during the menopausal years, with values in late (>5 years) postmenopausal women returning to levels close to those present in premenopausal women at most sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Sex and Age on Bone Microstructure at the Ultradistal Radius: A Population-Based Noninvasive In Vivo Assessment

Khosla

Riggs

Atkinson

et al. 2006

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

524

409

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In a population-based cross-sectional study, we examined effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the wrist using high-resolution 3-D pQCT. Compared with women, men had thicker trabeculae in young adulthood and had less microstructural damage with aging. These findings may contribute to the virtual immunity of men to age-related increases in wrist fractures.Introduction: Although changes in bone microstructure contribute to fracture risk independently of BMD, it has not heretofore been possible to assess this noninvasively in population-based studies. Materials and Methods:We used high-resolution 3-D pQCT imaging (voxel size, 89 m) to define, in a random sample of women (n ‫ס‬ 324) and men (n ‫ס‬ 278) 21-97 years of age, sex and age effects on bone microstructure at the wrist. Results: Relative to young women (age, 20-29 years), young men had greater trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV; by 26%, p ‫ס‬ 0.001) and trabecular thickness (TbTh; by 28%, p < 0.001) but similar values for trabecular number (TbN) and trabecular separation (TbSp). Between ages 20 and 90 years, cross-sectional decreases in BV/TV were similar in women (−27%) and in men (−26%), but whereas women had significant decreases in TbN (−13%) and increases in TbSp (+24%), these parameters had little net change over life in men (+7% and −2% for TbN and TbSp, respectively; p < 0.001 versus women). However, TbTh decreased to a greater extent in men (−24%) than in women (−18%; p ‫ס‬ 0.010 versus men). Conclusions: Whereas decreases with age in trabecular BV/TV are similar in men and women, the structural basis for the decrease in trabecular volume is quite different between the sexes. Thus, over life, women undergo loss of trabeculae with an increase in TbSp, whereas men begin young adult life with thicker trabeculae and primarily sustain trabecular thinning with no net change in TbN or TbSp. Because decreases in TbN have been shown to have a much greater impact on bone strength compared with decreases in TbTh, these findings may help explain the lower life-long risk of fractures in men, and specifically, their virtual immunity to age-related increases in distal forearm fractures.

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“…First, there may be a simple congenital difference. Second, there may have been some effect of differences in feeding volume or diet constituents; it is well known that BMC and BMD in many species, including humans, are affected by calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the diet [7,13,15,19]. Finally, there were differences in the measurement method used; Boucherd et al measured values of BMC and BMD in sedated minipigs directly (i.e., in vivo), whereas we measured them in excised bones (i.e., ex vivo) from which the skin, muscle, and surrounding connective tissue had been trimmed.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Between Bone Biomarkers and Bone Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Data and Relationship between Bone Growth and Bone Metabolism in Female Goettingen Minipigs

Tsutsumi

Katagiri²,

Takeda

et al. 2004

Exp. Anim.

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Abstract:Minipigs have been studied as a model of osteoporosis. However, little information is available regarding their bone physiology. We established standardized bone data and investigated the relationship between bone growth and bone metabolism in female minipigs. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 53 female Göttingen minipigs, 3-76 months of age, for measurement of bone biomarkers (i.e., BAP, OC, NTX, and DPD). The lumbar vertebra and femur were excised to determine the growth plate condition, bone length, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). High levels of bone biomarkers were observed during the initial period after birth, decreasing thereafter with age. Bone biomarkers were confirmed to be highly correlated with age (R 2 > 0.7). The growth plates of the lumbar vertebra and the femur began to close at 21 and 25 months of age, respectively, and closed completely at 42 months of age. Bone length increased rapidly before growth plate closure, and reached a peak at 21 and 28 months of age in the lumbar vertebra and the femur, respectively. The levels of BMC and BMD increased rapidly before growth plate closure, and continued to increase slowly until 76 months of age. A high negative correlation (-0.855 < r < -0.711, p<0.001) was confirmed between the bone biomarkers and the bone measurement data. These results indicate that the bone turnover velocity is consistent with the bone growth velocity in female Göttingen minipigs.

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Normal Changes in Spinal Bone Mineral Density in a Chinese Population: Assessment by Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of Aging on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Biomarkers in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Effects of Aging on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Biomarkers in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Effects of Sex and Age on Bone Microstructure at the Ultradistal Radius: A Population-Based Noninvasive In Vivo Assessment

Standardized Data and Relationship between Bone Growth and Bone Metabolism in Female Goettingen Minipigs

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