Normal auricular activation in the dog's heart

By means of a suction electrode method, the time course of depolarization and repolarization was observed in the in situ exposed right atrium of dogs. Under normal conditions the end of repolarization at various sites on the atrium occurred after the QRS spikes, and therefore, the T o wave should be inscribed after and not during the QRS spikes. The concentric spread of activation originating from the S-A node has been confirmed. The region of inital excitation does not become the initial focus of repolarization. The initial focus of repolarization is different from animal to animal, and this focus cannot be associated with any special cardiac tissue. The process of repolarization occurs concentrically from an initial focus that is not limited to any specific region of the atrium.

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“…Grculation Reje»rcfa, VoL XIX, July 1966 has been suggested previously, 16 but our findings will be reported separately.…”

Section: Such Nonuniform Distribution Of Vagal Effectssupporting

confidence: 63%

Repolarization Phase at Various Sites of the Right Atrium

Irisawa

Ninomiya

Seyama

1966

Circulation Research

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“…Some investigators, including Koch,6) Rothberger and Scherf,7) Condorelli,8) Takayasu9) and others, proposed a specialized conducting system, through which the impulse originated in the S-A node was transmitted to the A-V node, whereas others, including Lewis10) and Puech,11) denied the existence of this system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origination and Transmission of Impulse in the Right Auricle

Yamada¹,

Horiba

Sakaida³

et al. 1965

Jpn Heart J

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“…This deflection was frequently larger than the right or left atrial components and corresponded to the mean P wave vector when compared to the electrocardiogram. We think this represents the resultant of the late right atrial and septal activation and early left atrial activation where these forces overlap.13, [17][18][19]26 When the standard electrocardiographic machine is run at five to 10 times normal gain by boosting the output with a fetal electrocardiographic preamplifier, giant P waves may be recorded in which two components may be recognized in one or more leads. Figure 6 shows standard leads I, II, and III at 10 times normal gain with P waves assuming proportions of the normal QRS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Right and Left Atrial Vectorcardiograms

Haywood

Selvester

1966

Circulation

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ATTENTION is being increasingly focused IA, on the electrical events of atrial depolarization in diagnostic and experimental cardiology. Abildskovl2 has emphasized the need for further study of atrial forces in the electrocardiogram, and reports have appeared of the use of spatial vectorcardiograms for this purpose.Studies by Jouve and associates,3 and Duchosal and Sulzer4 in 1949 were the initial detailed descriptions of atrial forces in vectorcardiograms. Sano and associates,5 utilizing the method of electrical dissection described by Briller and co-workers6 reported studies of normal and abnormal patients; other authors have studied small groups of patients.7 " Scheuer and co-workers'2 recently utilized the cube system of electrode placement in the study of 128 patients, 35 of whom were normal adults and children. Mean Calibrated stationary vector loops as well as timed tracings were recorded from the oscilloscopic screen with a camera, utilizing a moving 70-mm photographic paper strip, in the frontal, horizontal, and sagittal planes (fig 2). The cube system of electrode placement was used, and tracings were taken at normal gain, two times normal gain, and four times normal gain. In addition, the orthogonal leads making up the vectorcardiogram in these planes were recorded at the same gains. Twelve or thirteen-lead electrocardiograms were made on the same day. With the timed vectorcardiographic technique, P, QRS, and T loops are separated like the components of the electrocardiogram are, and may be analyzed independently for magnitude and direction (fig 2).One hundred persons between the ages of 3 and 62 years were studied. Findings in chest x-rays, electrocardiograms, and physical examinations were within normal limits for all, and there was no overt evidence of heart disease. Thirty-one subjects were between the ages of 3 and 15 years; 69 were between 16 and 66 years.The P vectors of the electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were analyzed for magnitude and direction in the following manner. The P intervals on the timed vectorcardiographic records (VCG) were divided into two divisions; the first half was taken to represent mainly right atrial depolarization and the second half of the 577 by guest on May 11, 2018 http://circ.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from

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Normal auricular activation in the dog's heart

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

Repolarization Phase at Various Sites of the Right Atrium

Repolarization Phase at Various Sites of the Right Atrium

Origination and Transmission of Impulse in the Right Auricle

Analysis of Right and Left Atrial Vectorcardiograms

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