Normal and pathological breast, the histological basis

Jm, Guinebretière; Menet, Emmanuelle; Tardivon, A.; Chérel, P.; Vanel, D.

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.11.020

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore human mammary gland has long been an organ of scientific scrutiny for various cell types, but even the most recent reviews [24,25] overlooked the possible presence of the ICLC! The cellular organization of the interstitial stromal tissue in normal human mammary gland remains a controversial issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) in human resting mammary gland stroma. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) identification

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been once negligible players, but now appear as blazing protagonists [1]. Beyond the importance for physiology and pharmacology as pace-makers [2], and for gastrointestinal pathology as the origin of GISTs [3,4], the existence of ICC raised the possibility of ICC-like cells located outside the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract [5].Indeed, during the last few years, relatively numerous articles appeared proclaiming the existence AbstractWe have previously shown the existence of ICLC in human resting mammary gland stroma by means of methylene blue (vital) staining and c-kit immunopositivity (immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry). In addition, we reported the phenotype characteristics of these ICLC in vitro (primary cell cultures). Since the identification of ICLC outside the gut requires, at this moment, the obligatory use of TEM, we used this technique and provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of ICLC in the intralobular stroma of human resting mammary gland. According to the 'platinum standard' (10 TEM criteria for the certitude diagnosis of ICLC), we found interstitial cells with the following characteristics: 1. location: among the tubulo-alveolar structures, in the non-epithelial space; 2. caveolae: ~2.5% of cell volume; 3. mitochondria: ~10% of cell volume; 4. endoplasmic reticulum: either smooth or rough, ~2-3% of cell volume; 5. cytoskeleton: intermediate and thin filaments, as well as microtubules are present; 6. myosin thick filaments: undetectable; 7. basal lamina: occasionally found; 8. gap junctions: occasionally found; 9. close contacts with targets: nerve fibers, capillaries, immunoreactive cells by 'stromal synapses'; 10. characteristic cytoplasmic processes: i) number: frequently 2-3; ii) length: several tens of μm; iii) thickness: uneven caliber, 0.1-0.5 μm, with dilations, but very thin from the emerging point; iv) aspect: moniliform, usually with mitochondria located in dilations; v) branching: dichotomous pattern; vi) Ca 2+ release units: are present; vii) network labyrinthic system: overlapping cytoplasmic processes. It remains to be established which of the possible roles that we previously suggested for ICLC (e.g. juxta-and/or paracrine secretion, uncommited progenitor cells, immunological surveillance, intercellular signaling, etc.) are essential for the epithelium/stroma equilibrium in the mammary gland under normal or pathological conditions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) in human resting mammary gland stroma. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) identification

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mammary stromal tissue plays an important role in the regulation of breast physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis [14,15], as well as in tumorigenesis [16,17]. Since c-kit seems to be overexpressed in malignant phyllodes tumours [18,19], stromal ICC-LC can no longer be overlooked in breast pathology.…”

Section: Giemsa Staining 'Octopus-like'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cajal-type cells from human mammary gland stroma: phenotype characteristics in cell culture

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report here the in vitro isolation of Cajal-like interstitial cells from human inactive mammary-gland stroma. Primary cell cultures examined in phase-contrast microscopy or after vital methylene-blue staining revealed a cell population with characteristic morphological phenotype: fusiform, triangular or polygonal cell body and the corresponding (very) long, slender, moniliform cytoplasmic processes. Giemsa staining pointed out the typical knobbed aspect of cell prolongations. Immunofluorescence (IF) showed, like in situ immunohistochemistry, that Cajal-type cells in vitro (primary cultures), expressed c-kit/CD117 and vimentin. In conclusion, the images presented here reinforce our previous hypothesis that human mammary glands have a distinct population of Cajal-like cells in non-epithelial tissue compartments. J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 9, No 3, 2005 pp. 748-752 Keywords: interstitial cells of Cajal Images in

show abstract

“…In some cases, cells within type I cysts present transitions from cuboidal to flat apocrine epithelia, most likely representing differences in their stage of differentiation and/or metabolic activity. Breast lesions undergoing apocrine differentiation in most cases do not express estrogen receptor (ER) 1 -␣ or progesterone receptor (PR) but are often positive for the androgen receptor (11)(12)(13)(14). At present, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying apocrine differentiation of mammary lesions.…”

Section: And References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include fibrocystic changes, benign breast tumors, and breast inflammatory disease (1). Fibrocystic changes affect more than 50% of women during their lifetime and are comprised of cystic dilation of ducts, apocrine metaplasia of ductal epithelium, fibrosis, adenosis, and intraductal epithelial proliferation (Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apocrine Cysts of the Breast

Celis

Gromov

Moreira

et al. 2006

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Up to one-third of women aged 30 -50 years have cysts in their breasts and are presumed to be at increased risk of developing breast cancer. Here we present an extensive proteomic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study of breast apocrine cystic lesions aimed at generating specific biomarkers and elucidating the relationship, if existent, of apocrine cysts with cancer phenotype. To this end we compared the expression profiles of apocrine macrocysts obtained from mastectomies from high risk cancer patients with those of cancerous and non-malignant mammary tissue biopsies collected from the same patients. We identified two biomarkers, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, that were expressed specifically by apocrine type I cysts as well as by apocrine metaplastic cells in type II microcysts, terminal ducts, and intraductal papillary lesions. No expression of these markers was observed in non-malignant terminal ductal lobular units, type II flat cysts, stroma cells, or fat tissue as judged by IHC analysis of matched non-malignant tissue samples collected from 93 high risk patients enrolled in our cancer program. IHC analysis of the corresponding 93 primary tumors indicated that most apocrine changes have little intrinsic malignant potential, although some may progress to invasive apocrine cancer. None of the apocrine lesions examined, however, seemed to be a precursor of invasive ductal carcinomas, which accounted for 81% of the tumors analyzed. Our studies also provided some insight into the origin, development, and enlargement of apocrine cysts in mammary tissue. The successful identification of differentially expressed proteins that characterize specific steps in the progression from early benign lesions to apocrine cancer opens a window of opportunity for designing and testing new approaches for pharmacological intervention, not only in a therapeutic setting but also for chemoprevention, to inhibit cyst development as both 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase are currently being targeted for chemoprevention strategies in various malignancies. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 5:462-483, 2006.The human breast presents many benign lesions that involve both the glandular and stromal tissues. These include fibrocystic changes, benign breast tumors, and breast inflammatory disease (1). Fibrocystic changes affect more than 50% of women during their lifetime and are comprised of cystic dilation of ducts, apocrine metaplasia of ductal epithelium, fibrosis, adenosis, and intraductal epithelial proliferation (Ref. and references therein).Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that usually develop in the upper half of the breast and are most common in women between 30 and 50 years of age (3). They are also found in menopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. Cysts start as a microscopic dilation of the ductules (microcyst) but can enlarge and reach sizes of a couple of centimeters in diameter (macrocysts) causing pain and discomfort due to the tens...

show abstract

Normal and pathological breast, the histological basis

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) in human resting mammary gland stroma. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) identification

Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) in human resting mammary gland stroma. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) identification

Cajal-type cells from human mammary gland stroma: phenotype characteristics in cell culture

Apocrine Cysts of the Breast

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About