Normal and Abnormal Development of Motor Behavior:Lessons From Experiments in Rats

Gramsbergen, Albert

doi:10.1155/np.2001.17

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Also, since clinical correlations in spinal cord-injured patients have demonstrated the validity of the rodent model for the study of neurological dysfunction after acute and chronic injuries (reviewed in Gramsbergen, 2001; Lou et al, 2006), our results suggest that in order to minimize and/or reverse developing conduction deficits, an appropriate treatment to minimize disruption of functional transmission by fibers surviving the injury should be introduced as soon as possible after the initial injury. However, the optimal timing for such treatment might be quite different in humans due to their larger size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This model allows comparison of how acute and chronic trauma affect the function of the surviving ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) fibers. The VLF contains ascending and descending fibers that are known to play an important role in a variety of sensory and motor functions, including somatosensory function, locomotion, bladder function and ejaculation (reviewed in Gramsbergen, 2001; Mayer and Esquenazi, 2003; Schallert and Woodlee, 2003; Shefchyk, 2006; Johnson, 2006; Jankowska and Edgley, 2006; Yukawa et al, 2008). Although a variable fraction of VLF fibers in the white matter tracts survive most SCI, it is not clear whether these surviving fibers can affect sensory relay nuclei above the injury or motoneurons below the injury, and whether transmission remains constant during the chronic phase after injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons

Arvanian

Schnell

Lou

et al. 2009

Experimental Neurology

105

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Although most spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete, only limited functional recovery has been observed in people and rats with partial lesions. To address why surviving fibers cannot mediate more complete recovery, we evaluated the physiological and anatomical status of spared fibers after unilateral hemisection (HX) of thoracic spinal cord in adult rats. We made intracellular and extracellular recordings at L5 (below HX) in response to electrical stimulation of contralateral white matter above (T6) and below (L1) HX. Responses from T6 displayed reduced amplitude, increased latency and elevated stimulus threshold in the fibers across from HX, beginning 1–2 weeks after HX. Ultrastructural analysis revealed demyelination of intact axons contralateral to the HX, with a time course similar to the conduction changes. Behavioral studies indicated partial recovery which arrested when conduction deficits began. In conclusion, this study is the first demonstration of the delayed decline of transmission through surviving axons to individual lumbar motoneurons during chronic stage of incomplete spinal cord injury in adult rats. These findings suggest a chronic pathological state in intact fibers and necessity for prompt treatment to minimize it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons

Arvanian

Schnell

Lou

et al. 2009

Experimental Neurology

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dendritic bundles on motoneurons have not matured at this stage of development, e.g., dendritic bundles in the soleus motoneuronal pool develop around P15 (Gramsbergen 2001; Westerga and Gramsbergen 1992). These and other incompletely matured pathways may undergo compensatory changes after ST. For example, there are more ventral lateral funiculus projections to hindlimb motoneurons in neonatal than adult spinal rats (Petruska et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional recovery of stepping in rats after a complete neonatal spinal cord transection is not due to regrowth across the lesion site

et al. 2010

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Rats receiving a complete spinal cord transection (ST) at a neonatal stage spontaneously can recover significant stepping ability, whereas minimal recovery is attained in rats transected as adults. In addition, neonatally spinal cord transected rats trained to step more readily improve their locomotor ability. We hypothesized that recovery of stepping in rats receiving a complete spinal cord transection at postnatal day 5 (P5) is attributable to changes in the lumbosacral neural circuitry and not to regeneration of axons across the lesion. As expected, stepping performance measured by several kinematics parameters was significantly better in ST (at P5) trained (treadmill stepping for 8 weeks) than age-matched non-trained spinal rats. Anterograde tracing with biotinylated dextran amine showed an absence of labeling of corticospinal or rubrospinal tract axons below the transection. Retrograde tracing with Fast Blue from the spinal cord below the transection showed no labeled neurons in the somatosensory motor cortex of the hindlimb area, red nucleus, spinal vestibular nucleus, and medullary reticular nucleus. Retrograde labeling transsynaptically via injection of pseudorabies virus (Bartha) into the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles showed no labeling in the same brain nuclei. Furthermore, re-transection of the spinal cord at or rostral to the original transection did not affect stepping ability. Combined, these results clearly indicate that there was no regeneration across the lesion after a complete spinal cord transection in neonatal rats and suggest that this is an important model to understand the higher level of locomotor recovery in rats attributable to lumbosacral mechanisms after receiving a complete ST at a neonatal compared to an adult stage.

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“…Upright stance is considered a sensitive indicator of cerebellar function in humans (Gramsbergen, 2001(Gramsbergen, , 2003Ouchi et al, 1999;Thach and Bastian, 2004). Our findings support the theory proposed by Anderson (Schmahmann et al, 2001) that a delay in the development of cerebellar structures early in life may be etiologically related to later alcohol dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Differences in Childhood Motor Coordination Predict Adult Alcohol Dependence: Proposed Role for the Cerebellum in Alcoholism

Manzardo

Penick

Knop

et al. 2005

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Normal and Abnormal Development of Motor Behavior:Lessons From Experiments in Rats

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons

Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons

Functional recovery of stepping in rats after a complete neonatal spinal cord transection is not due to regrowth across the lesion site

Developmental Differences in Childhood Motor Coordination Predict Adult Alcohol Dependence: Proposed Role for the Cerebellum in Alcoholism

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